大學棒球校隊球員男性氣概之建構

Abstract

本研究採質性研究取向，以北部一所大學棒球校隊為研究場域，並邀請場域中五名最具霸權式男性氣概之球員為研究參與者，透過參與觀察、深度訪談與文件分析，探究棒球校隊成員在家庭生活、學校／同儕生活、球隊生活中蘊含哪些建構男性氣概的因素，以及男性氣概的多元流動情形。研究結果發現：

一、球隊成員普遍崇尚男性氣概，明確界定並展現男性氣概的外在形象與行為標準。男性應該身材高大、說話不扭捏作態、樂於競爭與挑戰、不能出現任何女性化的特質。

二、球員透由學校舉辦的體育競賽活動、男女同學的不同互動方式及同儕的選擇，瞭解受歡迎的男性氣概形象為何，並結合家庭中父母的互動方式、家務分工及父母對子女的期望，形成對於男性性別角色的認知，並進一步形塑為男性氣概。

三、球隊講究能力與資歷領導，能力佳者在球隊中較有發言的機會，也較有代表球隊出賽的機會，而能力同時與棒球資歷息息相關，建構出男性氣概的層級制度。

四、男性氣概會隨著情境而轉換，透過場上與場下情境的轉換，男性氣概也由霸權式轉向共謀式。而球隊中並非全員皆屬於霸權式男性氣概，因資歷與能力的差異，球員內部的男性氣概也有差異。

最後，根據研究結論，本研究提出促進球隊性別平等教育的相關建議，並提出有關男性氣概後續研究之可行方向與建議。

The purposes of this study are to understand how baseball player’s masculinities were constructed in their life and to analyze the varieties of their masculinities in the team. The participants of this study were university’s baseball team in northern Taiwan. This study applied participant observations, interviews, and document analysis to collect the data. The major findings for this study are as follows:

1. The baseball team members clearly defined masculinities and they showed the masculinities both in their appearance and behaviors. They are tall and strong, speak straightforward, and enjoy competition and challenges.

2. The factors influenced the athlete’s masculinities including sports competition, different ways of interaction with males and females, parents’ sharing responsibility for the household activities, and parents’ expectation to children with different gender.

3. The team emphasized ability and seniority which constructed hierarchy of masculinities. The team members with higher capabilities had more power and better position in the team.

4. The team members showed different masculinities in different situations. They showed hegemonic masculinities in the field while complicit masculinities out of the field. They also showed different masculinities based on their ability and seniority.

According to the findings, this study made some recommendations for promoting baseball team’s gender equality and for the study of masculinities.