休閒羽球參與者運動熱情、2×2成就目標與主觀幸福感關係之研究

Abstract

幸福是我們一生追求的理想和目標；人們可透過運動的參與來提高其個人幸福感，故本研究針對運動熱情及2×2成就目標這兩大指標對主觀幸福感的預測程度進行分析。本研究採立意抽樣以臺灣地區休閒羽球參與者為問卷調查受訪對象，問卷施測區域為臺北市、新北市、桃園市、臺中市、臺南市、高雄市等六都之主要羽球場，發出355份問卷，共獲得有效問卷300份，並採用描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸等統計方式，來了解運動熱情及2×2成就目標對受訪者主觀幸福感的影響。我們將參與者熱情分為兩項指標：調和式熱情及強迫式熱情，而2×2成就目標分為四項指標：精熟趨近、精熟逃避、表現趨近及表現逃避。在本研究300筆樣本中男性及女性分別佔71.3％及28.7％，受訪者年齡主要集中在19～30歲、31～40歲及41～50歲，而平均運動年齡為14.07年，在控制受訪者之個人特質(性別、年齡及運動年齡)之下，本研究之迴歸結果發現運動熱情之調和式熱情及2×2成就目標之精熟趨近、精熟逃避及表現趨近，共四項預測變項對主觀幸福感有顯著影響。在運動熱情中，調和式熱情對主觀幸福感有顯著正相關影響。在2×2成就目標中，精熟趨近、表現趨近對主觀幸福感為顯著正相關，可以正向預測主觀幸福感，而精熟逃避對主觀幸福感卻有顯著負相關影響。而該四項有顯著影響的自變數當中，對主觀幸福感的影響最大為調和式熱情，其餘依序為表現趨近、精熟趨近及精熟逃避。

Well-being is what mankind is always after. People can enhance the well-being through playing sports. As a result, this study analyzes how well sport passion and 2×2 achievement framework can predict the state of well-being. A survey was carried out, aiming at amateur badminton players in the major 6 cities in Taiwan, including Taipei city, New Taipei city, Taoyuan city, Taichung City, Tainan city and Kaohsiung city. A total of 300 valid questionnaires were collected among 355 participants. The data was then analyzed by the Gaussian distribution regression analysis model to find out how sport passion and 2×2 achievement framework influence the well-being of the respondents. The participants’ passion can be divided into two variables: harmonious passion and obsessive passion; while 2×2 achievement framework has been found with four variables: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance. This study is conducted by 300 valid questionnaires, with male and female occupied 71.3% and 28.7% respectively and aged 19-30, 31-40 and 41-50, with the average exercising age of 14.07. Under the control of participants’ characteristics (such as gender, age and exercising age,) this study has found out that the four predictive variables: harmonious passion, mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance and performance-approach have significant influence on the well-being. With regard to sport passion, harmonious passion and well-being are positively related in a significant manner. As for the 2×2 achievement framework, mastery- and performance-approach and well-being are also shown to have significant positive relations, which helps to forwardly predict the state of well-being of the participants. However, mastery-avoidance and well-being are negatively related. Among these four significant independent variables, harmonious passion has the most influence on well-being and then follows by performance-approach, mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance.