陳有蘭溪源流區之崩塌與土石流發生特性與空間差異: 以和社溪流域為例
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2014
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Abstract
本研究以陳有蘭溪源流之一的和社溪流域為研究區,檢視1993- 2004年間 賀伯颱風、集集地震、桃芝颱風、敏督利颱風前後拍攝的航空照片,判釋及歸納崩塌特性的變化,探討歷次重大颱風豪雨和地震事件在誘發和社溪流域地形變動上的角色。為釐清子集水區在一般事件及連續極端事件的崩塌、侵淤行為特徵與影響因素,更拉長時距從1963年~2004年,細部檢視其中三個子集水區在各次事件中的崩塌與土石流的發生,以及事件後沈積物在河道中的侵淤狀況。
就全區域而言,影響各子集水區崩塌發生最重要的原因為坡度,以及台21線與一般道路的修築,而伐林地多位在相對緩坡處,與崩塌的關係不明顯。從崩塌發生區位特性來看,各子集水區可分為隨機、重複及特定區塊重複三類,而每一子集水區的土石供應特性與位置,會影響河道侵淤狀況。
檢視出水溪、頭坑溪、四號溪三個子集水區40年間八個年度的河道侵淤狀況,發現這些河道前期相對穩定,在1985年因道路開發而有改變;明顯變化始於賀伯颱風,大部分河道都有明顯侵淤;集集地震與桃芝颱風之極端事件的組合,展現本區數十年間最有效率的邊坡土石產出與河道搬運,河道變化更加明顯;而不久之後發生的大颱風(敏督利颱風),所造成的邊坡與河道影響則相對有限。
本研究檢視和社溪流域數十年間崩塌和河道侵淤,發現位於源流區的和社溪,即使地質地形環境極為敏感,但各子集水區河道的侵淤,仍因內部特性(地質、地形)與外部干擾的程度(颱風、地震、開發),會有集水區之間或不同河段之間的差異,其主要影響因素包括流域面積、河谷寬度、局部坡降(流量、流能)、土石供應位置、河道前期狀況等。
This research aims to understand the relationship between slope failures and channel changes and various natural and human-induced factors in the Hoshe Basin, located in upstream area of the Chenyulan River, Central Taiwan. Spatial and temporal distributions of slope failures, cut-fill type of channel and major types of land-use were interpreted and digitized from 8 sets of aerial photographs. Morphometric analyses were also incorporated. The factors discussed of slope failures include slope angle, types of strata, road construction and reclaimed slopelands. The factors influenced channel presents the behavior of cut or fill include drainage area, channel width, local channel gradient, location of material supply and initial cut-fill condition of channel. The result turns out major factor of slope failure is slope angle and road construction in the mid-80s’. The latter caused channel change as well. After the combination of big earthquake and strong typhoon, the channels faced extensive changes (mainly fill) and induced lots slope failures (sediments supply) and transported efficiently. That made the coming strong typhoon influenced less.
This research aims to understand the relationship between slope failures and channel changes and various natural and human-induced factors in the Hoshe Basin, located in upstream area of the Chenyulan River, Central Taiwan. Spatial and temporal distributions of slope failures, cut-fill type of channel and major types of land-use were interpreted and digitized from 8 sets of aerial photographs. Morphometric analyses were also incorporated. The factors discussed of slope failures include slope angle, types of strata, road construction and reclaimed slopelands. The factors influenced channel presents the behavior of cut or fill include drainage area, channel width, local channel gradient, location of material supply and initial cut-fill condition of channel. The result turns out major factor of slope failure is slope angle and road construction in the mid-80s’. The latter caused channel change as well. After the combination of big earthquake and strong typhoon, the channels faced extensive changes (mainly fill) and induced lots slope failures (sediments supply) and transported efficiently. That made the coming strong typhoon influenced less.
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崩塌, 土石流, 河道變遷, 侵淤, 颱風, 地震, 和社溪, landslide, debris flow, channel change, cut-fill, typhoon, earthquake, Hoshe