花蓮都市綠地發展脈絡與利用的時空特性及永續性

Abstract

花蓮都市綠地來自於都市空間不同時期擴張實施的都市計畫，日治時期奠定了舊市區、美崙地區公共設施綠地系統的基礎，光復後快速發展時期，陸續公告實施分區都市計畫，以美崙地區為都市綠地資源最具規模的首善之區，花蓮市西部地區的公園綠地設置以鄰里單元為主，舊市區的公園屈服於密集的商業利用未有規劃與成效，直至近年愈加重視環境品質與休閒活動，公園綠地系統邁入積極發展的新階段。 本研究配合公園綠地之階層定位原則，選擇花蓮綠地系統中的都市綠地之中心公園、社區公園、特殊綠地、綠帶四種類型。中心公園除針對運動機能外，多未明顯發揮主題使用功能，而是提供日常休閒使用；社區公園面積小且零星分布，舊市區需求強烈卻嚴重缺乏；特殊綠地與綠帶個別資源特徵明顯，如松園為歷史風貌公園，海濱綠帶、自行車道塑造獨特之都市海岸帶狀活動綠地。 因此本研究透過實察及使用問卷，對花蓮市區四類型都市綠地之樣區進行調查，分析得知：美崙山生態公園屬於中心公園，服務範圍廣及花蓮市周圍鄉鎮，公、私部門與遊憩者高度肯定其保育生態的方向，舉辦環境解說、生態觀察的活動，但其時空利用情形多以服務壯、老年居民日常休閒為主；主農社區公園的吸引圈在半徑1公里以內，限於附近鄰里地區居民日常休閒、兒童遊戲活動，由里長管理維護，經社區發展協會之建議，舉辦各項服務社區居民之活動；特殊綠地的歷史風貌公園-松園，優美的景觀視野與知性藝文活動的舉行，明顯吸引從事靜態活動的遊憩者，強調以展演、自費課程等文化活動延續生命力，假日更吸引外縣市觀光客；海濱綠帶結合南北濱公園和自行車專用道，以優美太平洋海岸景觀為特色，形成各年齡遊憩者從事欣賞風景、運動之綠地空間，配合公部門夏季夜間活動的舉辦，是花蓮市強化休閒觀光發展之潛力地帶。 根據本研究區花蓮市的案例，顯示在強烈的觀光服務機能影響下，都市綠地中的中心公園、特殊公園、綠帶除平日休閒外，兼負觀光遊憩功能，未來若能落實洄瀾夢土計畫，強調都市生態保育，提昇都市綠地的活動特色與精緻程度，滿足使用者的需求，使綠地合乎資源分析且有效管理，創造永續發展的途徑。The urban green area in Hualien City is attributed to the urban plans of expanding urban space implemented in different periods. The basis of the green area system of the public facilities in Old Downtown Area and Meiluen Area was established during the Japanese Colonial Period. After the Japanese Colonial Period came its rapid development period, during which the government continually announced and implemented regional urban plans. Among all the areas, Meiluen Area was the best one with the most substantial resources of urban green area. The parks in the western part of Hualien City were built by the village. Yielding to the intense commercial exploitation, the government neither made plans of setting up parks nor produced remarkable effects in Old Downtown Area. Not until in the recent years has the green area system entered a new phase of active development due to the increasing emphasis on the environmental quality and recreational activities. In the study, according to the principles of positioning green area, four types of urban green area in Hualien City were selected- central parks, community parks, special green areas, and green belts. Most central parks are aimed at providing the function of exercise. They do not bring their theme functions into full play, only offering daily recreation. Community parks, which are what Old Downtown Area needs but lacks the most, are small and scattered. Special green areas and green belts are characterized by their individual resources. For example, Pine Park is a park with a historic touch. The Seashore Green Belt and Hualien Seashore Bicycle Path contribute to the unique urban green belt. Therefore, the study, by means of field trips and questionnaires, investigated the sample places for the four types of urban green area in Hualien City and got the following results. Meiluen Shan Nature Park belongs to central parks. Its service range extends to the towns surrounded Hualien City. Public and private departments and visitors think highly of its work on environmental protection, such as holding activities on environment explanation and ecological observation. However, its main temporal spatial utility is providing young adults and elders with their everyday recreation. Jhu-nong Community Park, attracting residents within a radius of one kilometer, supplies nearby residents with daily recreational activities and children games. Jhu-nong Community Park is taken charge of by the head of the village. A variety of activities serving community residents are held on the basis of the suggestions of the community development association. Pine Park, the representative ofthe special green areas, is characterized by its beautiful scenery and literature and fine arts activities, and appeals to visitors who are involved in static activities. Pine Park places emphasis on holding cultural activities, such as exhibitions, performances, and pay courses, to sustain its vitality. On holidays, it can also attract tourists from other counties. The Seashore Green Belt, consisting of Nan-bin Park, Bei-bin Park, and Hualien Seashore Bicycle Path and characterized by the beautiful scenery along the Pacific Ocean coast, is the green area for people of all ages to go sightseeing and exercise. Besides, the government holds evening activities in summer there. Hence, it is the most potential area in Hualien City to develop leisure recreation and tourism. The study findings have shown that owing to the great influence of the function of tourism, central parks, special parks and green belts have the function of tourism and leisure recreation as well as that of daily recreation. If Huen-lan Prospect Project, whose goals are to emphasize urban ecology protection, to lift the uniqueness and exquisiteness of urban green area activities, to meet users’ needs, to conform green area to resource analysis, and to take charge of green area efficiently, is put into effect, the means of sustainable development will be invented.