區域犯罪事件與臺灣高齡者身體活動及螢幕觀看時間之關聯性研究

Abstract

目的：過去在臺灣少有區域犯罪對於高齡者健康之相關研究，而影響高齡者身體活動及螢幕觀看時間之探討對於高齡者健康有其必要性，基於「生態學架構」，本研究有三個研究目的。(1) 調查臺灣65歲以上高齡者身體活動及螢幕觀看時間之現況。(2)瞭解社會人口學變項與高齡者身體活動及螢幕觀看時間之關聯性。(3)區域犯罪事件與高齡者身體活動及螢幕觀看時間之關聯性。 方法：本研究在2017年9月至11月間使用電話訪談方式調查臺灣高齡人口之身體活動與螢幕觀看時間，並從警政署公開資料提取高齡者所在地區之區域犯罪資料。共取得1068份有效樣本，並以卡方檢驗、二元邏輯斯迴歸來分析數據。 結果：研究結果發現(1)一周身體活動量達150分鐘之高齡者佔總樣本數79.4%；一日螢幕觀看時間在120分鐘以上之高齡者佔總樣本數63.2%。(2)非正常體重之高齡者較不容易達到每周150分鐘身體活動量。而具有較高教育程度之高齡者較容易達到每日120分鐘螢幕觀看時間。(3) 「毒品事件」、「汽車竊盜事件」、「機車竊盜事件」發生件數較高之地區，當地高齡者較不容易達到每周150分鐘身體活動建議量。 結論：這些研究結果顯示區域犯罪是推動高齡者身體活動政策之參考依據。未來的研究有必要進一步研究區域犯罪對於高齡者主觀意識及身體活動與久坐之間的關聯性。Aims: There is limited evidence on the associations of area-level crime with older adults’ physical activity and screen time, especially in Taiwan. Based on ecological model, there are three purposes of this research. (1) To describe the prevalence of physical activity and screen time among older adults. (2) To examine the associations between socio- demographic with older adults’ physical activity and screen time. (3) To examine the relationship between area-level crime with physical activity and screen time among older adults. Methods: A telephone-based cross-sectional survey of older Taiwanese adults was conducted in September-November of 2017. Data related to socio-demographic factors, objectively area-level crime incidents, and time spent in physical activity and screen time were obtained from 1,068 older adults. The data were analyzed by performing chi-squared test and adjusted binary logistic regression. Results: The results showed that (1) The prevalence of achieving 150 minutes per week of total physical activity was 79.4% and the prevalence of engaging in 2 hours/day of screen time was 63.2% in the sample of our study. (2) Older adults who were non-normal weight were less likely to reach a physical activity recommendation whereas those with higher educational degree were more likely to have screen time more than 2 hours/day. (3) After adjusting for potential confounders, higher drug incident, car theft incident, locomotive theft were positively associated with 150 minutes of total physical activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that crime safety should be considered for policy makers and physical activity intervention designers. Future studies are warranted to further examine the associations between perceived crime safety and older adults’ active and sedentary behavior.