台灣福山地區三種埋葬蟲的分布與尼泊爾埋葬蟲(Coleoptera: Silphidae)的族群動態

Abstract

本研究為探討福山地區三種埋葬蟲的棲地分布與季節性活躍，並標放尼泊爾埋葬蟲，來分析該物種的族群動態。紅胸埋葬蟲與尼泊爾埋葬蟲有顯著的時空棲位區隔，紅胸埋葬蟲偏好在夏季的草地活動，而尼泊爾埋葬蟲則偏好春秋季的林地。紅胸埋葬蟲、大黑埋葬蟲與尼泊爾埋葬蟲的活躍期高峰，在海拔較高的阿玉山皆晚於海拔較低的福山。在阿玉山所捕獲的紅胸埋葬蟲與尼泊爾埋葬蟲，其前胸背板寬皆顯著大於在福山的族群；不論在福山或阿玉山，紅胸埋葬蟲雄蟲個體大小皆較大於雌蟲；尼泊爾埋葬蟲在阿玉山的族群，雌蟲大小顯著大於雄蟲，但於福山的族群則無差別。雖然尼泊爾埋葬蟲的捕獲數量在2002年調查期間出現三個高峰值，但以Jolly-method估算，族群大小穩定，僅在四月初出現高峰期。尼泊爾埋葬蟲在光週期L/D: 11/13、溫度20oC的條件下，世代所需時間為44 ± 1.04日，四月中羽化的高峰期可對應到二月底成蟲活動的高峰期。尼泊爾埋葬蟲4日內移動距離中位數為174.4 m，福山與阿玉山兩地族群未發現明顯交流的現象。

This study investigated the habitat distribution and seasonal activity of three carrion beetle species in the Fushan area of Taiwan. It also estimated the population dynamics of Nicrophorus nepalensis using the mark and recapture method. The results showed that a significant spatial and temporal niche separation existed between Calosilpha cyaneocephala and N. nepalensis. Calosilpha cyaneocephala prefered to be active in meadows in the summer, but N. nepalensis was more active in forests in the spring and the autumn. Calosilpha cyaneocephala, Nicrophorus concolor and N. nepalensis showed later activity periods in Ayushan at higher altitudes of 1200 to 1300 m above sea level, compared to Fushan at lower altitudes of 600 to 800 m above sea level. Calosilpha cyaneocephala and N. nepalensis captured in Ayushan had significantly wider protonum than those from Fushan. The bodies of male C. cyaneocephala beetles were significantly larger than females from Fushan or Ayushan. No significant difference in body size was observed between male and female N. nepalensis beetles in Fushan, although the pronotum width of females was greater than that of males in Ayushan. Three peak values were identified for captured buried N. nepalensis beetles in 2002, but the population size estimated using the Jolly method varied little, except for a peak in early April. Based on the generation time required (44 ±1.04 days at 20 °C with 11 h of daylight), the peak for newly emerged N. nepalensis beetles in mid-April may correspond to the captured adult peak at the end of February. The median moving distance of N. nepalensis was 174.4 m in 4 days. No population exchange between Fushan and Ayushan was found.