華語教師角色定位與專業化歷程之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討在華語熱潮的蓬勃發展下，華語教學教師角色定位與專業化之歷程，採用「文獻內容分析法」與「半結構式深入訪談」的方式，針對九位華語教學資深教師與學者教授為對象主軸，進行半結構性的訪談，企圖摹劃華語教學師資教學歷程與角色圖像，希冀從中凸顯出華語教師之現況處境與需求期許，作為未來相關政策規劃之建議，並參酌有關角色理論、專業化理論、華語教師角色歷史沿革，植基為研究文獻之學理依據，更借鑑對岸大陸對外漢語專業化政策之推行制度，與台灣相關規劃之背景作一對照比較，試圖行截長補短與風行草偃之效。 世界華語熱潮的契機，帶動外界對華語教學領域的關注，在逐步邁向專業化的進程中，最具基礎的關鍵乃於師資之角色。職此，便以其為主，進行互為主體的質性探究，在這群由默默貢獻的邊緣角色到現今炙手可熱的培訓專家，懷著憂喜參半的心境，看待華語展望與回溯過往教學經歷，對其而言，喜的是，隨著華語學習風靡的氛圍，專業化的機制逐漸有了撥雲見日的曙光，從華語教學研究所的建立、核心學會的連結、國家對外華語教學委員會的成立，甚至將有國家級的專業證照的產生，專業化之雛形逐步顯現。 但蓬勃中仍有隱憂，在外部方面，華語熱潮伴隨中國經濟磁吸效應與積極擴展，反觀台灣華語教學領域面臨外交窘境堪憂的局面，有著窒礙難行之處，兼以同中求異的本土化取向，造成華語資源的拉据，華語教師雖然在妾身未明的夾縫中，帶有肩負品質的使命，但對於納編的險阻與政策的裹足，依舊力不從心，面對中國以「量」的傾銷策略下，仍待產、官、學界同心協力，帶領台灣華語品質走向「質」精的市場區隔，更期許在我消彼長的趨勢下，能採雙贏之策略，而非零和之競爭，共創台灣品牌行銷國際的願景。With the current popular trend and vigorous development of the TCSL(Teaching Chinese as a second language),the objective of this research is to study the defining role and professionalization of TCSL teachers using, “literature content analysis” and “semi-structured in-depth interview”. Focusing on nine senior TCSL teachers and academic professors as main respondents, a semi-structured in-depth interview was carried out. The interviews aim to paint a picture of the roles and the development of these TCSL teachers, in the hope of presenting the present condition of TCSL teachers and their needs and expectations. These will later be used as the basis for recommending related government policies in the future. The study also included analysis on role theory, professionalization theory, and the historical development of the role of TCSL teachers, which provided the academic or scholarly foundation for the analysis of related literatures. It also presents a comparative study on mainland China’s promotional efforts and international policy on TCSL professionalization together with Taiwan’s own plan, in order to draw complementarities and lessons from both countries’ efforts. The opportunities opened up by the popularity and upsurge in TCSL learning in the world provided the impetus for the increased interest and attention from the outside world towards the field of TCSL teaching. However, in its gradual move towards professional advancement, the critical point remains the role of the teacher. Hence, TCSL teachers and professors are the primary subjects of inquiry in this study. From these group of teachers who evolved from being on the sidelines, silently contributing to the development of the TCSL teaching to today’s highly-respected trainers, their joy is tinged with trepidation. Looking back at the development of TCSL teaching and looking forward to its future, the joyous news for them is, with the current popularity ofthe TCSL learning, the mechanism for its professionalization is slowly seeing a new dawn, from the establishment of the TCSL teaching research institute, the establishment of linkages among the core academic societies, the establishment of the national language teaching committee for foreigners, even the production of national-level professional certificates, have charted a clear path for the professionalization of TCSL teaching. However amidst the vigorous development, is the concealed worry that externally, Taiwan faces aggressive competition from mainland Chinese enterprises engaged in TCSL teaching, the upsurge in the popularity of the TCSL as a magnetic effect of the economic growth and prowess of China. On the other hand, Taiwan’s TCSL teaching is hampered by precarious diplomatic ties, obstructing its progress, creating the disparity in the availability of TCSL resources . The role of TCSL teachers remained in a precarious position, with no clear definition of roles, yet carrying with them the responsibility and mission of propagating quality TCSL education; faced with internal obstacles and policy restraints, they are unable to do as they would like, hence, they are awaiting the business, government, and the academe to work together in bringing the quality of Taiwan’s TCSL towards “quality” differentiation in the market. This will be used also to combat the mainland’s“quantity” promotional strategy, as well as allow both sides to obtain a win-win strategy and not become engaged in zero-sum competition, creating the ideal vision of an international Taiwan brand in the world market.