國中專任輔導教師情緒勞務對工作倦怠及工作滿意度之影響：輔導自我效能的調節效果

Abstract

本研究旨在了解國中專任輔導教師情緒勞務對工作倦怠及工作滿意度的影響，並探討輔導自我效能的調節效果。調查對象為臺灣北中南地區公私立國中專任輔導教師，共270位。研究工具包含「情緒勞務量表」、「工作倦怠量表」、「工作滿意度量表」及「輔導自我效能量表」，所得的資料以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關、集群分析、單因子變異數分析及階層多元迴歸分析進行統計考驗。主要研究結果發現：（一）國中專任輔導教師的情緒勞務組型可區分成三種不同質量的組型，分別是高量組：投入型（n = 125）、低質組：努力型（n = 80）及高質組：真誠型（n = 65）。（二）不同情緒勞務組型的專任輔導教師在工作倦怠上具有顯著差異，其中努力型專任輔導教師的工作倦怠顯著高於真誠型專任輔導教師。（三）不同情緒勞務組型的專任輔導教師在工作滿意度上具有顯著差異，其中真誠型與投入型專任輔導教師的工作滿意度顯著高於努力型專任輔導教師。（四）輔導自我效能在情緒勞務組型與工作倦怠及工作滿意度間具有調節作用，其中對於真誠型專任輔導教師在工作倦怠及工作滿意度的關係具有顯著的影響效果。研究顯示較高輔導自我效能的真誠型專任輔導教師在面對輔導工作有更低的工作倦怠感和更高的工作滿意度。針對本研究所發現之結果提出各項建議，以供未來研究及實務應用參考。The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of emotional labor on job burnout and job satisfaction among junior high school guidance counselors, and to explore the moderating effect of counseling self-efficacy. The participants in this study consisted of 270 guidance counselors from public and private junior high schools in the northern, central, and southern regions of Taiwan. The research tools included the “Emotional Labor Scale,” “Job Burnout Scale,” “Job Satisfaction Scale,” and “Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale.” The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.The main research findings revealed that the emotional labor profiles of guidance counselors can be divided into three distinct types: the Engaged Type (n = 125), which belongs to the high-quantity group; the Effortful Type (n = 80), which belongs to the low-quality group; and the Genuine Type (n = 65), which belongs to the high-quality group. There were significant differences in job burnout among guidance counselors with different emotional labor profiles, with Effortful Type guidance counselors experiencing significantly higher burnout than Genuine Type guidance counselors. There were significant differences in job satisfaction among guidance counselors with different emotional labor profiles, with Genuine and Engaged Types showing significantly higher job satisfaction than Effortful Type guidance counselors. Counseling self-efficacy moderated the relationship between emotional labor profiles, job burnout, and job satisfaction, with a particularly significant impact on the relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction for Genuine Type guidance counselors. The study indicates that Genuine Type guidance counselors with higher counseling self-efficacy experience lower job burnout and higher job satisfaction in their counseling work.Based on the findings, several suggestions are provided to future research and practical applications.