急性運動介入對注意力缺陷過動症兒童安靜腦波之影響

Abstract

研究發現注意力缺陷過動症兒童安靜腦波異於一般孩童，有較高功率的慢波（Theta）及較低功率的快波（Alpha、Beta），因此有較高的Theta／Alpha與Theta／Beta比值，可能是大腦狀態異常所致。而研究證實急性運動對大腦有正面助益，因此急性運動介入對安靜腦波是否有影響是值得探討的問題。本研究先探討注意力缺陷過動症兒童與一般兒童於安靜腦波的差異，再對注意力缺陷過動症兒童進行急性運動介入以及運動影片作控制，探討安靜腦波在情境與時間的關係。一般兒童共23位，測量安靜腦波與注意力缺陷過動症兒童相比較。注意力缺陷過動症兒童混合型共19位，研究採組內設計，需參與兩次安靜腦波的測量，一次為運動情境，另一為影片情境，相隔至少一週。於情境前後各測量睜眼安靜腦波，一區間記錄一分鐘，共兩區間兩分鐘。結果發現注意力缺陷過動症兒童與一般兒童安靜腦波於中央區及中央頂葉區Alpha波有較低功率。而情境與時間腦波變化，發現Theta波功率於前額、中央區、中央頂葉區，及Theta／Alpha、Theta／Beta比值於中央頂葉區有交互作用，改變趨勢為運動後下降，影片後上升。而Beta則在前額區發現不論運動或影片後功率皆下降。結果顯示注意力缺陷過動症兒童與一般兒童安靜腦波有異，而運動亦能改變部分大腦狀態。Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state compared to normal children, particularly elevated theta power and decreased alpha and beta power, also increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Acute exercise has been found beneficial to cognitive function. It was worthy to find out how resting-state electroencephalographic (rEEG) could be changed by acute exercise. The first purpose of the present study was to investigate the rEEG differences between ADHD children and normal children. Second was to find out how rEEG could be changed by acute exercise compared to video control in children with ADHD. rEEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 23 normal children and 19 children with ADHD combined subtype (all boys). The results indicated that ADHD children exhibited higher alpha power in central and central parietal region. Interaction effects after exercise/video control exhibited smaller theta in frontal, central, central parietal and smaller theta/alpha, theta/beta ratio in central parietal region whereas beta frequency decreased after both exercise and video. These findings supported deviated rEEG between normal and ADHD children and rEEG might be changed after exercise.