臺灣遊戲實境節目的性別再現研究

Abstract

基於涵化理論與社會認知理論的觀點，人們對於性別的看法深受電視媒體的影響，特別是涉世未深的年輕觀眾。但著重商業利益的綜藝節目，可能會為了迎合主流社會的價值觀，從而遵循性別刻板印象再現節目內容。目前，學術界對遊戲節目中的性別再現仍然知之甚少，遊戲節目卻可能已在無形中影響著年輕觀眾性別刻板印象的形成。有鑑於此，本研究便以2010年代流行至今，亦受年輕觀眾歡迎的新興遊戲節目類型：「遊戲實境節目」作為研究文本。並以2021年的臺灣遊戲實境節目作為研究範圍，從中取樣21集進行內容分析，比較其中的226個男性與女性藝人之間的「人口統計變項」、「活動與能力」、「性化」，以及「支配行為」的差異，藉此檢視這些節目是否遵循性別刻板印象再現節目內容。人口統計變項包含性別比例、節目身分，以及實際年齡。活動與能力則包含能力（體能、智能、競爭力），以及遊戲參與（體能遊戲、益智遊戲、博弈遊戲、才藝競賽、生活考驗）。性化包含了外表吸引力（容貌、身材、外表年齡）、暴露部位，以及性誘惑行為。支配行為包含了性騷擾行為，以及身體攻擊行為。透過對以上有顯著差異的量化資料分析結果進行討論與歸納，本研究發現臺灣遊戲實境節目向觀眾再現以下四個主要的性別刻板印象：「男性要比女性更有社會地位」、「男性要比女性更善於運動」、「女性要比男性更為性化」、「男性要比女性更有支配他人的傾向」。此外，本研究亦從質化資料中發現有關「重文輕武的男性氣概」，以及「男主外，女主內」的性別刻板印象潛藏於對白當中。這些現象代表臺灣遊戲實境節目中的性別再現遵循了部分過時的性別刻板印象，有著讓年輕觀眾繼承的潛在風險。Based on the viewpoints of cultivation theory and social cognitive theory, the perspective of people towards gender has been deeply affected by TV media, especially the younger viewers. However, variety shows that value commercial interests may represent program content in accordance with gender stereotypes in order to cater to the values of mainstream society. At present, the academic community still knows little about gender representation in game shows. But it may have influenced the gender stereotype of the younger viewers. In view of this, this study takes" Reality TV Game Show “, which has been a new game show genre and popular with young audiences since the 2010s, as the research text. Taking Taiwan’s reality TV game shows in 2021 as the research scope, 21 episodes were sampled for content analysis to compare the differences of “demographics”, “activities and abilities”, “sexualization” and “dominance behaviors” between 226 male and female artists. This study could reveal whether these programs allow gender stereotype to represent its content.Demographics include gender ratio, program position, and chronological age. Activities and abilities include abilities (physical abilities, intelligence, competitiveness) and game participation (physical games, puzzle games, games of chance, talent contests, and life experiences). Sexualization includes physical attractiveness (face, body, and apparent age), exposure of body parts, and sexual alluring. Dominance behavior includes sexual harassment and physical aggression. This study discusses and summarizes the analysis results of quantitative data which has significant differences. It shows that Taiwan’s reality TV game shows have represented the following four main gender stereotypes to the audiences:"Men’s social status is higher than women’s", "Men are more athletic than women", "Women are more sexualized than men", "Men tend to dominate others more than women". In addition, the qualitative data of this study also indicates that gender stereotype of "masculinity that prefer the wen to the wu " and "men go out to work and women stay at home" exist in the text. These findings suggest that gender representations in Taiwan’s reality TV game shows still follows some outdated gender stereotypes.It remains several risks for the younger viewers.