我國職業學校組織創新影響因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討影響職業學校組織創新相關因素，並藉以瞭解職業學校組織成員對影響相關因素的看法，據此提出推動學校組織創新的參考。 為達到研究目的，首先探討有關文獻，作為研究的理論基礎；經信度（Cronbach’s α信度係數考驗）及效度（因素分析）檢驗，再經專家會議修正，編成正式問卷「學校組織創新因素及創新績效問卷」施測，以此蒐集資料，作為推論依據。 研究對象係台灣地區職業學校公私立職業學校組織成員，有效樣本共計有506份。蒐集所得資料採用次數分配、平均數、標準差等描述統計方法及t考驗、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後考驗、積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等推論統計方法。經過統計分析結果，獲得下列結論： （一）在影響職業學校組織創新相關因素共有組織特性、領導風格、組織學習、團隊運作、創造能力、集權化程度、正式化程度、資源提供等八個構面因素。 （二）學校成員對影響相關因素看法 1、學校成員對於影響學校組織創新相關因素看法呈現高影響程度， 且在集權化程度、組織特性、團隊運作、組織學習、資源提供等五個構面認為影響程度較高，而創造能力、領導風格、正式化程度等三構面影響程度則偏低；2、成員性別、服務年資、教育背景、現任職務、任教科別、曾任行政工作年資、學校屬別、學校位置等不同背景組織成員對於影響相關因素看法一致；3、學校規模、學校歷史等組織變項對於影響相關因素有顯著差異 （三）學校成員對組織創新績效的看法 1、學校成員對於學校組織創新績效看法呈現高績效程度，且技術創新績效高於管理創新績效；2、成員性別、服務年資、教育背景、現任職務、任教科別、曾任行政工作年資、學校屬別、學校位置等不同背景教師對於學校組織創新績效看法一致；3、學校規模、學校歷史等組織變項對於學校組織創新績效看法有顯著差異 （四）學校組織創新因素與組織創新績效的關係 1、學校組織創新影響因素中之領導風格、創造能力、組織特性、團隊運作及組織學習構面與管理創新績效有高度相關，集權化程度及資源提供構面為中度相關，正式化程度構面為負相關；2、學校組織創新影響因素中之組織學習、領導風格、創造能力、組織特性及團隊運作構面與技術創新有高度相關，集權化程度及資源提供構面為中度相關，正式化程度構面為負相關；3、學校組織創新影響因素中之領導風格、創造能力、組織學習、組織特性及團隊運作與整體創新績效有高度相關，集權化程度及資源提供構面為中度相關，正式化程度構面為負相關；4、學校整體組織創新相關因素與學校整體組織創新績效為高度相關；5、學校組織創新相關因素中之領導風格、組織特性、創造能力、組織學習、團隊運作構面對學校組織創新績效具有預測力This study consists of two major purposes: one is to explore the relevant factors that influence organization innovation in senior vocational high schools, and the other is to get familiarized with the comments provided by the members of the organization. On this basis, valuable reference for solid improvement in organization innovation will be provided. To ensure the success of this study, all relative literature is researched in detail to lay the theoretical foundation required. After the reliability test(Cronbach’s α) and validity test(factor analysis), and the modification of the experts’ conference, a well-prepared questionnaire listing the relevant influential factors helps to collect all the information and to support the conclusions. The respondents include the members in Taiwan’s both public and private senior vocational high schools. There were 506 copies of effective samples received. The information collected from the questionnaires was processed by means of descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, means and standards, variations, and inferential statistics including t-test, one-way analysis of variance , Scheffe’s posterior comparisons, product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The statistical conclusions are listed below: 1. Eight relevant significant factors that affect organization innovation in senior vocational high schools are organization characteristics, leadership style, organization learning, team process, creativity, centralization, formalization, and supplied resource. 2. Comments on the relevant influential factors presented by the members are: (1)The members think the influential factors are very significant, in particular the centralization, organization characteristics, team process, organization learning, supplied resource are positive, and the creativity, leadership style, formalization are less positive. (2)Members of different backgrounds, including gender, working experience, educational background, present position, teaching subject, administrative experience, the type and location of schools, have a consensus of opinions on the relevant influential factors. (3)Members of organization variables including school scales, school history, etc think very differently about the influential factors. 3. Comments on effects of organization innovation presented by the members are: (1)Members in schools regard the results of organization innovation as effectual. Furthermore, they regard the results of technique innovation as more effectual than those of management innovation. (2) Members of different backgrounds, including gender, working experience, educational background, present position, teaching subject, administrative experience, the type and location of schools, have a consensus of opinions on the effects of organization innovation. (3) Members of organization variables including school scales, school history, etc think very differently about the effects of the organization innovation. 4. The relationship between the factors and the effects of organization innovation: (1)There is highly correlation between the effects of management innovation and the influential factors of organization innovation, including leadership style, creativity, organization characteristics, team process, and organization learning. In addition, to the effects of management innovation, centralization and supplied resource are middle correlated, and formalization is negative correlated. (2) There is highly correlation between the effects of technique innovation and the influential factors of organization innovation, including organization learning, leadership style, creativity, organization characteristics, and team process. Besides, to the effects of technique innovation, centralization and supplied resource are middle correlated, and formalization is negative correlated. (3) There is highly correlation between the whole effects of innovation and the influential factors of organization innovation, including leadership style, creativity, organization learning, organization characteristics, and team process. In addition, to the whole effects of innovation, centralization and supplied resource are middle correlated, and formalization is negative correlated. (4)There is highly correlation between the relevant factors and the effects of the whole organization innovation. (5)Five relevant factors in organization innovation, including leadership style, organization characteristics, creativity, organization learning, and team process are predictive to the effects of organization innovation.