雙工作家庭之「工作－家庭衝突與互利」 對生活滿意之影響：代間支持之作用

Abstract

隨著雙工作家庭型態日益普遍，如何在工作與家庭之間達成良好的協調與適應，為現今社會中非常重要的議題；而華人家庭中，成年子女與父母的代間支持是彼此重要的社會支持來源。本研究旨在：探討雙工作家庭之「工作－家庭衝突與互利」、代間支持與生活滿意之關聯，並進一步分析代間支持在「工作－家庭衝突與互利」與整體生活滿意之間的調節機制。 本研究運用2011年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」第六期第二次「家庭組」的調查資料，選取「已婚有偶，自身與配偶皆有工作，且自身父母至少一人存活」者為樣本，共計447位有效樣本。以「工作－家庭衝突」與「工作－家庭互利」為指標，使用潛在類別分析（latent class analysis, LCA）方法，建構雙工作家庭「工作－家庭衝突與互利」之類型。研究發現：雙工作家庭之「工作－家庭衝突與互利」之類型可區分為四類，包括：「衝突互利兼具」型、「衝突情感互利」型、「工作家庭互利」型與「僅有情感互利」型，其中「工作家庭互利」型所占比例最高（51.45%）。並且，「衝突互利兼具」型與「衝突情感互利」型之雙工作家庭，相較之下，其整體的生活滿意度較低。進一步來說，個人之工作狀態、教育程度及家庭發展階段，確實影響雙工作家庭「工作－家庭衝突與互利」之類型。而來自父母的代間支持，對於雙工作家庭者之「工作－家庭衝突與互利」及整體生活滿意並不具調節機制，但代間支持對於雙工作家庭之男性的整體生活滿意具有直接影響。

With dual-earner families becoming increasingly common, balancing and adapting both work and family has become an important issue. In Chinese society, intergenerational support between adult children and their parents is an important resource of social support. This study aims to examine “work–family conflict and facilitation”, intergenerational support, and life satisfaction for dual-earner families. Furthermore, it tests the moderated effect of intergenerational support. The data from the 2011 Taiwan Social Change Survey (Round 6, Year 2): Family was used; the sample comprised 447 Taiwanese married, dual-earner families, and their biological parents, of whom at least one was alive. The results indicated the following. First, the latent classic analysis shows that there are four types of “work–family conflict and facilitation”: Both conflict and facilitation, conflict and affective facilitation, work-family facilitation and only affective facilitation. In addition, work-family facilitation has the highest percentage (51.45%) among all the other types. Second, in comparison, the life satisfaction of dual-earner families that belong to the two types of conflict and facilitation and conflict and affective facilitation is lower than those that belong to the other two types. Specifically, the working condition, education status and family development stages affect the types of “work–family conflict and facilitation” itself. Finally, intergenerational support from parents, does not moderate the impact on life satisfaction resulting from “work–family conflict and facilitation”. In conclusion, for the male member in dual-earner families, life satisfaction is influenced by intergenerational support.