青少年身體活動量、身體質量指數與身體意象的發展效應與性別差異

Abstract

本研究旨在探討青少年身體活動量、身體質量指數與身體意象的年間與性別差異。針對169名早期青少年學生（男81人、女88人，平均年齡13.4±0.5歲）採取三年期的縱貫性研究。研究工具為「身體活動量問卷」、「身高、體重檢測」與「身體意象量表」，經 Pearson 積差相關、二次方曲線迴歸模式、3（年間）× 2（性別）混合設計變異數分析及 4（身體質量指數類別）× 2（性別）獨立樣本二因子變異數分析之統計分析。結果發現：（一）青少年身體活動量與身體外表評價及身體部位滿意度在各年間均呈正相關，身體活動量與身體外表取向在各年間則無相關；（二）青少年身體質量指數在各年間無法有效的預測身體活動量、身體外表評價及身體外表取向的高低，但第二年和第三年，青少年身體質量指數可以有效的預測身體部位滿意度；（三）青少女身體活動量逐年遞減，青少男於各年間的身體活動量都較青少女高；（四）身體外表評價及身體部位滿意度中，青少男於各年間皆較青少女高，而青少女隨著年齡的增長身體外表評價及身體部位滿意度也逐年降低，另一方面，青少年無論性別身體外表取向皆隨著年齡逐年升高，青少女身體外表取向於各年間也較青少男高；（五）青少年身體活動量在不同身體質量指數及性別皆無差異；（六）青少年身體外表評價與身體部位滿意度在身體質量指數適中、過重及肥胖類別中，青少男皆高於青少女，而身體外表取向與不同身體質量指數則無差異。The study was designed to investigate annual and sex differences in physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), and body image in adolescents. One hundred and sixty nine early adolescent students (81 males and 88 females) (average age 13.4±0.5 years of age) served as participants in the longitudinal study. Physical activity level questionnaires, body image perception questionnaire, and annual height and weight measurement were administered annually for three years. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation, Quadratic Regression Model, 3 (year) X 2 (sex) mixed design ANOVA, and 4 (BMI category) X 2 (sex) independent two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. The findings were: (1) Physical activity level, physical appearance evaluation, and body areas satisfaction were positively correlated one another, however, no relationship was found between physical activity level and physical appearance orientation. (2) BMI was found not a predictor for physical activity level, physical appearance evaluation, physical appearance orientation in each year. But MBI was found a predictor for body areas satisfaction in both second and third year. (3) Physical activity level in female adolescents decreased as a function age, and male adolescents were higher than female adolescents in physical activity level in each year. (4) Male adolescents were higher in physical appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction than their counterpart in all three years, and female adolescents showed decreased in physical appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction with age. On the other hand, both female and male adolescents’ physical appearance orientation increased with age, and female adolescents were higher in physical appearance orientation than their counterpart in each year. (5) No sex differences were found with regards to physical activity level and BMI in adolescents. (6) Physical appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction of those in appropriate, over-weight, and obesity BMI categories were higher for male adolescents than their counterpart. However, no difference was found between physical appearance orientation and various BMI categories.