中文「都」與「連…都」句式之第一語言習得比較
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2015
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Abstract
本研究旨在探討以華語為母語之兒童對數量詞「都」與「連…都」句式之理解，主要探討的議題包括複數限制、區域限制、分配性、前提以及年齡等因素。本研究包含兩個理解能力測驗：是非判斷測驗與詮釋測驗。研究對象包含實驗組的六十八位兒童，依平均年齡四歲至七歲分成四組，每組十七人，以及成人組的十七位以華語為母語的大學生。
研究結果顯示，數量詞「都」的句式比「連…都」句式容易習得。其中，複數限制證實存在於「都」字句，而區域限制則是同時存在「都」與「連…都」句式中。此外，研究亦發現年齡是習得的關鍵因素，四歲到六歲兒童雖能理解「都」與「連…都」句式中的句法限制，但其表現仍未達到成人語感的階段，七歲兒童已能如同成人般理解複數限制、區域限制、數量詞「都」的分配性與「連…都」的前提；總言之，兒童對於「都」與「連…都」句構之習得能力隨著年齡增長而提升。
The present study focuses on the dou and lian…dou constructions in Chinese. It aims to investigate Chinese-speaking children’s understanding of the two constructions by examining five factors: the plurality constraint, the locality constraint, distributivity, presuppositions, and age. Two comprehension tasks (i.e., grammaticality judgment and interpretation) were conducted and both of them were presented in a designed story scenario. The subjects were sixty-eighty children from the kindergarten and elementary school in Taiwan, and they were further divided into four groups according to their ages (i.e., 4 year-olds to 7-year-olds). Also, seventeen college students whose mother tongue were Chinese were recruited as the Adult Group. The results showed that the dou construction was easier to acquire than the lian…dou construction. The plurality constraint was confirmed to govern the dou construction, and the locality constraint was observed in both the dou and the lian…dou constructions. Besides, the results indicated that the subjects’ comprehension of distributive readings in the dou construction and their interpretation of presuppositions in the lian…dou construction increased with age. The age factor was found to be crucial. Our children at the age of 4 to 6 were able to comprehend the plurality and locality constraints although their performances were still not adult-like. The 7 year-old subjects were found to perform adult-like in that they could comprehend the two constraints, and distributivity of the dou construction and also presuppositions of the lian…dou construction.
The present study focuses on the dou and lian…dou constructions in Chinese. It aims to investigate Chinese-speaking children’s understanding of the two constructions by examining five factors: the plurality constraint, the locality constraint, distributivity, presuppositions, and age. Two comprehension tasks (i.e., grammaticality judgment and interpretation) were conducted and both of them were presented in a designed story scenario. The subjects were sixty-eighty children from the kindergarten and elementary school in Taiwan, and they were further divided into four groups according to their ages (i.e., 4 year-olds to 7-year-olds). Also, seventeen college students whose mother tongue were Chinese were recruited as the Adult Group. The results showed that the dou construction was easier to acquire than the lian…dou construction. The plurality constraint was confirmed to govern the dou construction, and the locality constraint was observed in both the dou and the lian…dou constructions. Besides, the results indicated that the subjects’ comprehension of distributive readings in the dou construction and their interpretation of presuppositions in the lian…dou construction increased with age. The age factor was found to be crucial. Our children at the age of 4 to 6 were able to comprehend the plurality and locality constraints although their performances were still not adult-like. The 7 year-old subjects were found to perform adult-like in that they could comprehend the two constraints, and distributivity of the dou construction and also presuppositions of the lian…dou construction.
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華語, 第一語言習得, 數量詞, 焦點句, Mandarin Chinese, first language acquisition, quantifier, focus construction