「興仁崇禮, 大德敦化」──朝鮮李朝建構政教宮殿與廟城之經學義理探微

Abstract

筆者於100 學年度 (2011.9-2012.8) 客座講學於大韓民國首爾特別市韓國外國語大學校中國學部，客座期間多次走訪朝鮮李氏王朝 (1392-1910) 建構之王城──漢陽（後名「漢城」， 今易名為「首爾」），王宮──景福宮、昌德宮、昌慶宮、慶熙宮（原名「慶德宮」）與德壽宮（原名「慶運宮」），合稱「朝鮮五大法宮」，雖屢經戰亂摧殘，目前復原保存良好，斐然可觀。而五大王宮中，除德壽宮正門原名「大安門」，後改為今「大漢門」外，其餘正門都冠以「化」字，分別為「光化門」、「敦化門」、「弘化門」、「興化門」；再者，除德壽宮主殿冠名「中和殿」外，其餘主殿都冠以「政」字，依序為「勤政殿」、「仁政殿」、「明政殿」、「崇政殿」，以上命名都深富儒家政教經典義涵。此外，東大門名「興仁之門」，南大門名「崇禮門」，西大門名「敦義門」，北大門名「弘智門」，城中心鐘閣名為「普信閣」；以及祭祀歷代大王、后妃之「宗廟」，奉祀至聖先師之「文廟」，奉祀武聖關公之「東廟」，雲峴宮之「老安堂」、「老樂堂」、「二老堂」等，在在顯示出濃厚的經學義理。本文即以此為核心，探討剖析其中精微的經義禮學。

The author has been the exchange professor from 2011 to 2012 in Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. During the visiting period, the author has many times to visit the historic city_ Hanyang Capital (Seoul) in Joseon Dynasties (1392-1910). The author especially focused upon the palaces of Kings_ Jing-fut, Chang-de, Chang-qing, Qing-xi and Deshou above these palaces are so-called “ The Great Five Palaces of Joseon Dynasties. Although the palaces have been destroyed and ruined by the chaos and wars, but nowadays the palaces have been repaired so fine and appreciable. Every palace has its own main gate like Da-an Men ( Da-han Men ) of Deshou Palace, besides Kuang-hua Men of Jing-fut Palace, Dun-hua Men of Chang-de Palace, Hung-hua Men of Chang-qing Palace and Xin-hua Men of Qing-xi Palace. Every palace has its formal office like Chung-he Dian of De-shou Palace, Qin-zheng Dian of Jing-fut Palace, Ren-zheng Dian of Chang-de Palace, Ming-zheng Dian of Chang-qing Palace and Chong-zheng Dian of Qing-xi Palace. These names of the great five palaces have plentiful meanings of Confucian Classics. On the other hand, the four main gates of Hanyang Capital are named by Xin-Ren-Zhi-Men( East Great Gate), Chong-Li-Men( South Great Gate), Dun-Yi-Men( West Great Gate), Hung-Zhi-Men( North Great Gate) and Pu-XinPavilion located in the center of Hanyang Capital. Besides there are the Shrine to worship the passing Kings and Queens, the holy temple to worship Confucius, Dong-Miao to worship military-Saint_ Guan-Gong and Lao-an Tang, Lao-le Tang, Er-lao Tang of Yun-Xian Palace. These palaces, gates, shrine and temples have been built to implicate the plentiful classical meanings, therefore the article is focussed upon the topics and tried to research the inner implications of Confucian Classics.