台北縣永和地區國中學生飲用飲料行為及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解國中生飲用飲料行為，並探討飲用飲料相關知識、拒絕飲用飲料自我效能、飲用飲料結果期望、飲用飲料社會支持與飲用飲料行為間的關係。以台北縣永和市92學年度在學國中生為母群體，經分層隨機抽樣，共得有效樣本466人。問卷調查所得的資料經過分析，重要結果如下： 一、研究對象每週在外購買外賣食物或用餐次數以1-7次最多。每週看電視及上網時間均在7小時以下最多，BMI指數有52.15％的人合乎標準。 二、研究對象對於飲用飲料相關知識有良好的認知。年級、每週上網時數與家庭社經地位在飲用飲料相關知識呈顯著差異。 三、研究對象飲用量最高的種類分別為包裝水、果汁、運動飲料。研究對象最常由家人購買獲得鮮乳或保久乳，最常在校外購買奶茶，在校內最常購買運動飲料。 四、研究對象拒絕飲用第二類、第三類飲料的自我效能偏向良好；性別、每週在外購買外賣食物或用餐次數與每週上網時數和拒絕飲用飲料自我效能呈顯著差異。 五、研究對象對飲用第二類、第三類飲料之結果期望，負向結果得分大於正向結果。BMI指數與飲用飲料結果期望呈顯著差異。 六、研究對象飲用飲料社會支持中等，主要支持來源為父母或同住家人；研究對象每週上網時數在飲用飲料社會支持呈顯著差異。 七、研究對象就讀學校飲料供應情形對包裝水及運動飲料的飲用量有差異。飲用飲料相關知識、拒絕飲用飲料自我效能、飲用飲料結果期望、飲用飲料社會支持則均無差異。 八、研究對象飲用飲料相關知識與綜合性飲用飲料行為間呈負相關，其中以飲料的使用方式與飲用飲料行為達顯著相關。 九、研究對象拒絕飲用飲料自我效能與研究對象整體性飲用飲料行為達顯著正相關；飲用飲料結果期望、飲用飲料的社會支持與整體性飲用飲料行為達顯著負相關。 十、拒絕飲用飲料自我效能、飲用飲料結果期望、飲用飲料社會支持、每週可自由支配之零用錢、每週購買外賣食物或在外用餐次數、每週看電視時間與每週上網時數對飲用飲料行為有58.22％的解釋力，在這些變項中，以「飲用飲料自我效能」對研究對象飲用飲料行為之解釋力最大。

關鍵字：國中生、飲料飲用量、飲用飲料相關知識、學校供應飲料情形The main purposes of this study were to investigate the beverages intake of junior high students, and to examine the relationships among the beverages intake and selected demographic characteristics, as well as knowledge of beverages intake, self-efficacy of refusing beverages, outcome expectancy of beverages and social support of beverages intake. By using a stratified random sampling method, 466 students in Yong-ho city of Taipei county were selected to participate in this survey. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire in the school. The major findings were as follows: 1. The knowledge of beverages of the subjects was at good level. There were significant differences of grades, the period time spent on the Internet per week, and social economic status toward the knowledge of beverages intake. 2. The kinds of beverages that subjects most often drank were packaged water, juice, and sports drinks. The kind of beverages that the subjects got most often from family was dairy , sports drinks was from the school, and milk tea was from outside school. 3. The self-efficacy of refusing some kinds of beverages of the subjects was at good level. There were significant differences of gender, frequency of eating outside, the period time spent on the Internet per week toward the self-efficacy of refusing beverages. 4. The subjects had positive outcome expectancy toward drinking beverages. There was significant difference between outcome expectancy of beverages and BMI. 5. The social support of beverages intake of the subjects was at medium level, and mainly came from parents or families. There was significant difference between the social support of beverages intake and the period time spent on the Internet per week. 6. There is no significance relation between the beverages supplied at school and the knowledge about beverages intake, self-efficacy of refusing beverages, outcome expectancy of beverages ,and social support of beverages intake. Besides, there is significance relation between packaged water and sports drinks intake and beverages supplied at school. 7. There was significant correlation between the knowledge of beverages intake and beverages intake. 8. There were significant correlations among self-efficacy of refusing beverages, outcome expectancy of beverages, social support of beverages intake toward beverages intake. 9. The variance of beverages intake could be explained by self-efficacy of refusing beverages, outcome expectancy of beverages, social support of beverages intake, the amount of pocket money per week, frequency of eating outside, and the period time spent on the Internet and TV up to 58.22%. The most important predicator toward beverages intake was self-efficacy of refusing beverages. Key word: junior high students, beverages intake, knowledge of beverages intake, beverages supplied at school.