石墨烯與氮化硼複合奈米機油應用於機車之性能研究

Abstract

本研究選用親油性奈米石墨烯（Gr）搭配奈米氮化硼（BN）添加入SAE 10W-40機油中，製備成各式重量百分濃度之石墨烯與氮化硼複合奈米機油（GBHNEO），因研究規劃使其總重量百分濃度不變皆為0.03 wt.%，接續進行基礎量測及實車實驗，目的為探討GBHNEO（編號1至4）、純奈米Gr機油及原廠機油三項油品，於沉降、磨潤、黏度、熱傳導及比熱等五項基礎量測中提升多少助益；以及實車實驗中能源效率、廢氣污染物及粒狀污染物排放之影響。研究結果證實因協同效應之影響，奈米Gr及奈米BN兩者材料之搭配使用，製備成GBHNEO後，相較原廠機油亦或是純奈米Gr 機油（Gr 0.03 wt.%），展現出更佳之基礎特性。五項基礎量測結果得知，沉降試驗顯示，編號1（Gr 0.006 wt.% + BN 0.024 wt.%）保有最為優異之抗沉降；磨潤試驗顯示，編號2（Gr 0.012 wt.% + BN 0.018 wt.%）相較於基準值原廠機油改善率最佳達25 %；黏度試驗顯示，以編號2於規劃之50 °C及70 °C兩溫度階段展現最為優異；熱傳導係數試驗顯示，編號2相較於基準值原廠機油改善率提升2 %；比熱試驗顯示，編號4（Gr 0.024 wt.% + BN 0.006 wt.%）相較基準值原廠機油提升35.5 %。最終，五項基礎量測指標中，得出初步結論為各式濃度比例之複合奈米機油，其展現皆勝過原廠機油亦或是純奈米Gr機油。於基礎量測中評選最佳濃度比例編號2投入實車實驗中，對其用於實車上之性能展現進行探究，發現編號2於ECE-40及定速行車型態模擬中，皆展現相較原廠機油更佳之能源效率，平均提升達8.58 %。引擎燃燒後產生之廢氣汙染物，除平路行車型態模擬中 CO2增加7.43 %，其餘皆呈現下降之趨勢。行車型態模擬中；粒狀汙染物（particulate matter, PM）排放於ECE-40、定速、平路及爬坡行車型態模擬中，則依序有10 %、10 %、18 %及6.5 %之減少改善。In this study, lipophilic Graphene（Gr）and nano boron nitride（BN）were added to SAE 10W-40 engine oil to prepare Graphene and Boron Nitride-Engine Oil（GBHNEO）. For the purpose of research planning, to maintain a consistent total weight percentage concentration of 0.03 wt.% for all types of GBHNEO. Basic measurements and simulation of road experiment were conducted to investigate the benefits of GBHNEO（No. 1 to No. 4）, nano lubricant, and original engine oil in terms of sedimentation, tribology, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat, furthermore, the impact on energy efficiency, exhaust pollutants, and particulate emissions during real vehicle tests will be assessed.The research results confirmed that due to the influence of the synergistic effect, the combination of nano Gr and nano BN materials, after being prepared into GBHNEO, showed better basic characteristics than the original engine oil or pure nano Gr engine oil（Gr 0.03 wt.%）.According to the results of five basic measurements, the sedimentation test shows that No. 1 （Gr 0.006 wt.% + BN 0.024 wt.%）has the most excellent anti-settling performance. The lubrication test shows that nano No. 2 （Gr 0.012 wt.% + BN 0.018 wt.%）exhibits the best improvement rate of 25 % compared to the reference value of the original engine oil. The viscosity test demonstrates that No. 2 exhibits excellent performance at the planned temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C. The thermal conductivity test shows a 2 % improvement rate for nano No. 2 the original engine oil. The specific heat test shows that the No. 4 （Gr 0.024 wt.% + BN 0.006 wt.%）is 35.5 % higher than the original engine oil. In conclusion, in terms of the five basic measurements indicators, various concentration ratios of the composite nano engine oil outperform the original manufacturer's oil or pure nano Gr oil. Based on the results of the basic measurements, the optimal concentration ratio of No. 2 was put into for further investigation of simulation of road experiment. It was found that No. 2 was more effective than ECE-40 and constant speed simulations, both showed better energy efficiency than original engine oil, with an average increase of 8.58 %. The exhaust pollutants generated after engine combustion showed a downtrend in all simulation except for a 7.43 % increase in CO2 emissions during flat road driving simulation. During the simulation of ECE-40, constant speed, flat road and climbing tests, there are 10 %, 10 %, 18 % and 6.6 % less improvement.