福建省體育政策文件草擬過程中智庫與政府的互動模式

Abstract

緒論:「決策諮詢」成為解決「官員」處理複雜公共問題的良方，智庫組織作為決策諮詢的代表性組織，在不同國家迅速發展。中國智庫受政府「重視」卻被學者「忽視」，地方智庫的研究少之又少，但智庫組織已成為地方體育政策文本草擬的主力軍。研究目的:以福建省三個地方體育智庫組織所承擔的三個政策文本草擬的過程為例，運用政策制定過程、知識運用和雙群體理論，探究體育政策草擬的及本進程為何?智庫在地方體育政策草擬過程如何與政府官員互動?政府官員選擇智庫的考量因素為何?研究方法:運用多重個案研究方法，並對智庫組織成員、政府官員、專家學者等進行訪談，收集官方文件等作為資料來源。研究結論：1、地方體育政策不同政策性質，政策基本進程不同，法律條文則經過政策形成動因、政策方案設計、草擬單位內部醞釀、立法審議和徵詢意見、政策出臺等五個階段；部分評估政策方案則經過形成動因、評估指標與建構、申報考評、最終公示階段。地方體育政策制定受制於國家的部署要求和相關指令，同時地方官員存在利他和爭先動機、考慮地方體育發展需要、政府內部政策企業家的呼籲。地方體育領域行政官員作為主要發起人，發起政策議題。2、政府官員選擇智庫組織考量因素包括政府官員因素、智庫專家的因素和制度約束。3、地方體育政策制定個過程中不同階段互動關係不同，不同階段互動內容不同。Introduction: "Decision-making consultation" has become a good way for "officials" to deal with complex public issues. As a representative organization of decision-making consultation, think tanks are developing rapidly in different countries. Chinese think tanks are "valued" by the government but "ignored" by scholars, and local think tanks lack relevant research but think tanks have become the main force in drafting local sports policy texts. Purpose: This study took the process of drafting different policy texts undertaken by three sports think tanks in Fujian Province as an example. This study used the policy-making process, knowledge application, and dual-group theory to explore what were the composition of local sports think tanks. What was the role of think tanks in drafting of local sports policies? How did think tanks influence the local sports policy drafting process? What factors did government officials consider when choosing think tanks? Methods: This study used multiple case study approach, and conducted individual interviews with think tank members, government officials, experts, and scholars. The researcher also collected official documents as data sources. Conclusion: 1. The basic process of local sports policies was different under different policy natures. Legal provisions included five phases, the policy formation motive, policy program design, internal brewing of drafting unit, legislative review, and consultation. Some assessment policy options have gone through the stages of motivation, assessment indicators and construction, reporting, and assessment, and final public announcement. The development of local sports policies was subject to national deployment requirements and related directives. There was also altruism and competition for motivation from local officials, consideration of local sports development needs, and appeals from policy entrepreneurs within the government. Local sports administrators acted as the main initiators of policy issues. 2. Considerations for government officials in choosing a think tank included government officials' factors, think tank experts' factors and institutional constraints. 3. In the progress of local sports policy formulation, the interactive relationship was different at different stages, and the interactive content was different at different stages.