工程採購契約範本的非預期效果之研究－以台北市為例

Abstract

契約的制定往往涉及責任歸屬、風險轉移、利益分配等複雜因素。為了降低交易成本、促進公部門學習以及強化投標廠商之間的競爭，標準化契約（standardized contract）的概念已被廣泛運用政府部門。為了執行政府採購，中央與地方機關頻繁地使用契約範本，其制度建立迄今雖已進行多次修正，而履約爭議仍然時有所聞。若契約範本十分完美，則履約爭議案件理當有限；當履約爭議案件仍時有所聞，意味著契約範本的制度可能存在問題。在此背景下，政府採購過程中有關標準化契約的潛在功能與影響，其實是有待深入探究的。本研究將以工程採購契約範本制度作為研究主題，針對政府採購人員進行深度訪談，從受訪者回應歸納出範本的非預期效果分為三大層面：範本龐雜化、對範本過度依賴的心態與經驗傳承的斷層。其中又可區分為忽略契約內容、機關與廠商間的認知衝突、選商困境、權威型工具的用途、內部制度僵化、畏懼裁量權、甲方主導思維、培訓機制功能不彰與學習意願低落共十項非預期效果。本研究期待對標準化契約的研究領域有所貢獻，特別是深化對契約範本的完整認識。The formulation of contracts often involves complex factors such as attribution of responsibility, transfer of risk, and allocation of benefits. The concept of standardized contracts has been widely used by government departments to reduce transaction costs, promote public sector learning, and enhance competition among bidders. Although the system has been amended several times since its inception, disputes over the implementation of the contract are still heard from time to time. If the model contract is perfect, the number of performance disputes should be limited; when performance disputes are still heard, it means that there may be problems with the model contract system. In this context, the potential function and impact of standardized contracts in the government procurement process should be explored in depth. This study will focus on the model engineering procurement contract system and conduct in-depth interviews with government procurement personnel. Respondents' responses summarized the unintended effects of the templates into three major dimensions: the overwhelming complexity of the templates, the mentality of over-reliance on the templates, and the discontinuity of experience transmission. These can be divided into ten unintended effects: neglect of contract content, cognitive conflict between the organization and the vendor, business selection dilemma, use of authoritative tools, rigidity of internal systems, fear of discretion, A-led mindset, ineffective training mechanism, and low willingness to learn. This study is expected to contribute to the field of research on standardized contracts and, in particular, to deepen the complete understanding of contract templates.