應用創造性問題教學方法-提升高職學生辨識與解決問題能力之研究

Abstract

本研究主要藉由文獻評述探討高中職之課程綱要中所強調培養學生十大基本能力之「解決問題能力」之意涵及其因應之教學互動設計。首先闡述問題的結構與特性以及問題解決的定義，其次針對問題解決之歷程，由國內外文獻分析綜合歸納出問題解決的三大階段。然後進一步從問題解決的步驟說明「創造性問題解決」教學模式，最後本文提出以「創造性思考解決」教學「互動設計」培養學生解決問題能力是適切可行之方式。研究方法採問卷調查研究，研究對象為創造力研究社團實施授機關王自然科學課程的職一、二學生，實施元件關卡課程，藉由實作研究歷程反思修正並蒐集相關資料，包含課程學生學習單、問卷、協同教師觀察與學生自評等。經過交叉分析與教師教學省思，所得的結論如下： 一、發展並細緻化創造性問題解決（Creative Problem Solving，CPS）教學融 入科學遊戲之教學活動設計能達成教學目標。 二、實施科學遊戲創造性問題解決教學活動的過程中，可能遭遇的問題與解決的方法以 問卷調查後進行統計結果有顯著差異。 根據本研究結果，針對積木關卡課程以及問題解決相關教學活動與教育相關人員提出建議，做為後續研究之參考。 關鍵詞：創造性問題解決（CPS）、解決問題能力、科學遊戲The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of ‘Problem-solving Ability’ in the ten basic competences mentioning in the High School and Vocational School Curriculum and its interactive teaching techniques. First, the constructions and features of problems and the definition of solving problems are explained. Then, focusing on the process of solving problems, there are three problem-solving stages induced from national and international literature review analysis. Furthermore, ‘the Creative Problem-solving’ teaching mode is offered through problem-solving steps.At last, the application in the teaching technique of creative thinking questions and interactive design are presented as a proper way in cultivating students' capability in problem-identification and problem-solving skills. This paper adopts the method of questionnaire survey and takes the first and second vocational graders taking the science course ‘King of Machine’as the research objects; through some round curriculum, the information and reflection including in-class worksheets, questionnaire, research diary are collected from the research process, co-teachers’ observation and students’ self-evaluation sheets. Via cross analysis and the teacher’s reflection, the following results are obtained: (1) How to develop, modify and make the design of Creative Problem Solving teaching applied into science activities meet the teaching objects (2) Via the questionnaire survey, what the possible encountering problem-solving ways may happen in the process of applying Creative Problem Solving teaching activities are analyzed to have obvious differences. According to the results of the study, some suggestions toward the brick round curriculum and problem-solving teaching activities are offered for the future research as references. Keywords: Creative Thinking, Problem-solving Abilities, Science Teaching Activities