女性不同運動項目和防守距離對側向跨步切入之膝關節負荷的影響

Abstract

女性運動員在足球和籃球運動中，為了擺脫防守如變換方向急停、切入等動作造成非接觸性的膝關節前十字韌帶傷害。本研究欲探討女性運動員在不同運動項目和防守距離的情況下，側向跨步切入的運動生物力學參數的變化情形。研究方法：收集女性大專甲組10位足球員和10位籃球員面對兩種距離防守員的側向跨步切入動作，使用10台Vicon Motion System紅外線攝影機（250Hz）和1塊Kistler測力板（1000Hz）收集支撐期資料，用Visual 3D計算下肢關節角度和膝關節力矩，統計以二因子混和設計變異數分析運動項目和防守距離間的差異。結果：不同運動項目之間的女性足球員相較於女性籃球員有較大的膝關節內旋角度峰值、髖關節外展角度峰值、踝關節外翻角度峰值，和較小的踝關節蹠屈角度峰值的動作，還有較大的膝關節外翻力矩峰值的負荷，但女性籃球員相較於女性足球員在膝關節外翻力矩峰值時有較大的膝關節外翻角度。且發現不同防守距離之間遠距離防守相較近距離防守有較大的膝關節外翻角度峰值，而女性足球員遠距離防守較近距離防守在膝關節外翻力矩峰值時有較大的膝關節內旋角度。結論：本研究女性足球員比籃球員的側向跨步切入動作的支撐期有較多的和無接觸前十字韌帶機制的動作和負荷，發現可能在運動項目之間有動作控制的特殊性。Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in women during cutting maneuvers to evade a defensive player, like side-step cutting. This study determined the differences of defense distance between female soccer and basketball athletes on the knee biomechanics during sidestep cutting. Methods: Ten female collegiate soccer players and ten basketball players performed sidestep cutting with two kinds of defense distances of a static defense opponent, while 10 Vicon motion system camera (250Hz) and one Kistler force plate (1000Hz) were recorded during the phase of side-step cutting. Using Visual 3D software, 3D joint angles and the knee moment were calculated. Peak values selected motion and force variables were submitted and a two-way (defense distances * sports) ANOVA. Results: Soccer players demonstrated a significantly greater peak knee internal-rotation angle, peak hip abduction angle, peak ankle abduction angle, and peak knee valgus moment , but smaller ankle flexion angle compared with basketball players. But at the peak knee abduction moment, basketball players demonstrated greater knee abduction angle compared with soccer players. Meanwhile, longer defense distance demonstrated a significantly greater peak knee abduction angle compared to shorten defense distance. And at the peak knee abduction moment, soccer players in the longer defense distance demonstrated a significantly greater peak knee internal-rotation angle compared in the shorten defense distance. Conclusions: Overall, it appeared that soccer athletes moved into greater motion and loads associated with noncontact ACL injures compared to basketball athletes during the early deceleration phase of the cutting maneuver. Maybe there is a specialized of the motor control in players.