添加奈米石墨烯齒輪油於四行程機車引擎性能與廢氣排放影響之研究

Abstract

本研究將改質石墨烯(Gr)作為利用二階合成法添加於原廠齒輪油中製備成NGGO，冀望NGGO獲得Gr所具備之特性，藉以優化原廠齒輪油性能。為探討添加Gr是否有效優化原廠齒輪油，將NGGO進行基礎試驗與實車試驗。基礎試驗包括沉降、黏度、比熱、導熱及磨潤試驗；實車試驗包含ECE-40、定速(50 km/h)、平路與爬坡試驗，於車輛運行過程中量測其能源效率、各點元件溫度、汙染排放與車速扭矩。本研究NGGO製備比例為0.005、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4及0.5 wt.%，經過基礎試驗評比0.03 wt.%為最佳濃度，與原油相比在黏度試驗中改善12.66 %、導熱係數提升5 %、磨潤試驗耗損量改善10.17 %。將0.03 wt.%分別添加油酸(OA)或真空試驗後發現皆無明顯改善NGGO性質。於實車試驗中，ECE-40及定速行車型態測試，平均能源效率改善6.22 %、齒輪油溫度平均下降15.90 %，因動力輸出改善使引擎燃燒更加完善，導致燃燒室周圍元件(火星塞及排氣管內外側)溫度上升。添加NGGO之車輛有效改善HC及CO排放，單趟ECE-40平均分別減少40.48 %及8.64 %，PM排放也因燃燒完全而下降，總數平均下降40.61 %。平路試驗NGGO相較於原廠齒輪油減少40 s達到穩定車速，整體行駛扭矩也較平穩。The research is using graphene(Gr) as an additive material to mix with the original gear oil to be nano graphene gear oil(NGGO), and study the performance of basic properties and vehicle test between NGGO and original gear oil via adding dispersant OA to NGGO or vacuum test. The basic property test includes sedimentation, viscosity, specific heat, heat conduction and tribology test, vehicle test includes ECE-40, constant speed (50 km/h), flat road and climbing test, and measure the energy efficiency, temperature of specified parts, exhaust emissions, torque and speed during the vehicle running. The concentration of NGGO include 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 wt. %. After basic test, 0.03 wt. % was the best choice concentration. Compared with base oil, test results show that the dynamic viscosity improved by 12.66 %, the thermal conductivity increased by 5 %, and the wear test loss was improved by 10.17 %. After adding 0.03 wt.% to OA or vacuum test, it was found that there was no significant improvement in the properties of NGGO. In the vehicle test, ECE-40 and constant speed state test, the average energy efficiency has improved up to 6.22 %, and the gear oil temperature has dropped down by an average of 15.90 %. Due to the improved power output, the engine combustion is more perfect, which causes the temperature of the components around the combustion chamber (the spark plug and the inside and outside of the exhaust pipe) to rise. The vehicles added with NGGO can effectively improve HC and CO emissions. A single-trip of ECE-40 reduces 40.48 % and 8.64 % on average; PM emissions are also reduced due to complete combustion, with a total reduction of 28.86 % on average.NGGO compared with the original gear oil in flat road test, NGGO reduced 40 sec to achieve stable vehicle speed, and all of vehicle torque was stable.