愛情的喜與悲─以董尼才第的歌曲為例

Abstract

摘要

董尼才第(Gaetano Donizetti, 1797–1848)為十九世紀初極負盛名的義大利作曲家。他的作品以數量超過六十五部的歌劇最為著名。他的歌曲作品共有兩百五十七首，皆為聲樂及鋼琴而寫。筆者從中挑選了八首與愛情有關的義大利文獨唱歌曲，並分為「愛情的喜悅」與「愛情的苦痛」兩部分，每部分各有四首歌曲。「愛情的喜悅」部分包含：〈永恆的愛與忠誠〉(Eterno amore e fè)、〈我的愛〉(L’amor mio)、〈熾熱的黑眼睛〉(Occhio nero incendiator)與〈我多想建一所小屋〉(Me voglio fà ‘na casa)；「愛情的苦痛」部分包含：〈愛情與死亡〉(Amore e morte)、〈距離〉(La lontananza)、〈致命的愛情〉(L’amor funesto)與〈她死了〉(È morta)。 董尼才第的許多歌曲就如同「縮小版的歌劇場景」，他的人聲作品呈現美聲旋律的純粹美感，又融入了震撼人心的戲劇張力。董尼才第為歌曲譜寫的鋼琴伴奏，就如同「以鋼琴演奏的管絃樂伴奏」，成為他賦予歌曲戲劇張力的手法之一。筆者將探討董尼才第如何運用以美聲唱法(bel canto)傳統為基礎的義大利浪漫時期作曲技法，以文學或戲劇作品呈現愛情的不同樣貌，賦予歌曲特殊的戲劇性及生命力。

Abstract

Gaetano Donizetti(1797–1848), "one of the most outstanding Italian composer in the early nineteenth century." He built his reputation as an opera composer with more than 65 operas. He also composed 257 songs for voice and piano. This study selects eight italian songs with the theme of love by Donizetti. These songs presented in two parts: "the joys of love" and "the torments of love". The 1st part contains: "Eterno amore e fè" (Eternal love and faithfulness), "L’amor mio" (My love), "Occhio nero incendiator" (Fiery dark eyes) and "Me voglio fà ‘na casa" (I want to build a house by the sea), all featuring joyful aspects of love. The second part, presented Donizetti’s views of tormented love in "Amore e morte" (Love and death), "La lontananza" (Distance), "L’amor funesto" (Fatal love) and "È morta" (She is dead) . Donizetti’s song compositions also have characteristics of opera, like a miniature operatic scene. He is gifted in writing lyrical melodies blended with dramatic elements. He comprehends the sensitivity of the human voice, and he writes on the Italian bel canto tradition. The piano accompaniment in Donizetti’s songs is the substitution of orchestra, and it makes his blending dramatic and lyrical elements possible. This study will discuss how Donizetti stands firmly on the tradition of Italian Romanticism, and his choices of words to speak of the joys and torments of love.