探究臺灣中小學教師對於天然災害防災知識與態度素養調查

Abstract

近年來，天然災害對於環境的破壞日趨嚴重，為了減低天然災害對民眾的傷害，教育部顧問室研擬中華民國國民對於天然災害減災的再教育，為了落實中小學的天然災害防災教育，本研究的主要目的在調查國內中小學教師對於颱風與水災態度與知識的素養為何？並且依據教師個人資料與教學環境也作進一步的交叉分析，以了解不同背景教師在防災素養差異所在。 本次研究樣本採用分層隨機抽樣的方法進行取樣，在2004年中全國公私立中小學總共有3,647所，其中小學佔2,623所，國中720所，高中304所。國小取樣比率為5%，國高中各25%取樣，共選出387所學校，先以電話調查，扣除不願意受測學校後，寄出333份問卷，回收183份問卷，回收率為55%。 由此次調查結果中顯示出，大部分的教師年齡集中在31~40歲；且大部分在國高中教授天然災害課程師資大多數是由地球科學相關科系畢業的，但國小則大部分都是非相關科系的教師。而且大多數的教師，認為學校課程內關於防災知識、技能和態度的部分皆不充足。 在防災態度方面，雖然國小教師優於國高中教師，雖未達顯著僅有低度的實驗效果量(t(183)=0.77, p=0.45, d=0.12, a small effect size)。但在防災知識部分，國高中教師組皆顯著地優於國小教師組且具有高度的實驗效果量(t(183)=-5.20, p=0.00, d=0.81)；在防災基本概念部分(t(183)=-6.05, p=0.00, d=0.92)；防災常識部分，國高中教師組顯著地優於國小教師組且具有中度的實驗效果量, t(183)=-2.73, p=0.01, d=0.43)。

This study reports the results of a survey of knowledge and perceptions of climatic hazard mitigation among primary and secondary climatic hazard mitigation (CHM) teachers in Taiwan. This was accomplished by examining their general CHM knowledge and exploring their attitudes toward CHM. The Climatic Hazard Mitigation Inventory (CHMI) was developed by us and content validated by a panel of experts including three university professors and two high school teachers. The CHMI instrument consists of five subtests (80 items) and was piloted by administering it to a group of 28 pre-service earth science teachers in an institute of teacher education. It was also employed to survey 183 in-service primary and secondary school teachers in Taiwan. The CHMI instrument was found to be an appropriate measure to examine teacher’s knowledge of and attitudes toward CHM. The results of the survey also suggest that both primary school teachers and secondary school teachers hold generally positive attitudes toward CHM and possess a reasonable level of CHM knowledge. It is noted, however, that significant differences existed on teachers’ knowledge between primary and secondary teachers.