高中職學生購買與使用綜合感冒藥的風險行為及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究目的為探討高中職學生購買與使用綜合感冒藥的風險行為情形及相關因素。研究對象為104學年度全國高中職學生，採抽取率與單位大小成比例之等距抽樣法，共有2541位高中職學生完成網路問卷調查，主要發現如下： 一、 超過五分之二受測學生答錯或不知道「綜合感冒藥不可以預防感冒」。 二、 過去一年近四分之一學生曾服用從藥局購買的綜合感冒藥，其中四分之一學生未依藥師或說明書所指示的劑量服用感冒糖漿，七分之一學生表示同時服用兩種以上的綜合感冒藥。 三、 過去一年七分之一學生曾至藥局購買綜合感冒藥，其中三分之一學生購買綜合感冒藥時未諮詢藥師。 四、 學生藥盒素養愈低、正確使用綜合感冒藥效能愈低，愈易有綜合感冒藥取得風險行為（如：看電視或聽廣播、網路上購買藥）。 五、 學生表示學校沒有辦理正確用藥課程教學、學生正確使用綜合感冒藥效能愈低，愈易有購買綜合感冒藥的風險行為（如：未諮詢藥師、未看藥盒上適應症）。 六、 學生藥盒素養愈低、正確使用綜合感冒藥效能愈低，愈易有使用綜合感冒藥風險行為（如：未依指示劑量用藥）。 建議學校持續推動正確用藥教育，透過社區藥師結盟與親職教育提升學生正確用藥素養，及減少用藥的風險行為。This purpose of this study was to explore students’ purchasing and taking cold medicine risk behaviors and to examine the related factors. A probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method was used. A total of 2541 senior and vocational high school students completed online self-administered questionnaire in 2015. The main results of this study were as follows. 1. More than two-fifths of students did not know that cold medicines cannot prevent colds. 2. About one-fourth of students had taken over-the-counter (OTC) cold medicine in the past year, and one-fourth of them had taken inappropriate dosages without referring to the instructions while one-seventh had taken two or more types of cold medicine simultaneously. 3. One-seventh of students bought OTC cold medicines in the past year, and one-third of them did not consult pharmacists while did not read the indications on the drug labels. 4. Multivariate analysis results indicated that students who had lower medication label literacy and lower self-efficacy were more likely to obtain OTC cold medicines from family/friends, TV/radio ads, and online sales. 5. Students who did not receive correct medication education and had lower self-efficacy were more likely to purchase cold medicine without consulting pharmacists or reading drug labels. 6. Students who had lower medication label literacy and lower self-efficacy were more likely to engage in inappropriate use of OTC cold medicine (i.e., taken inappropriate dosages). It was suggested that schools implement correct medication education, establish school-community pharmacist partnership, and provide parental training to enhance students' medication literacy and to reduce purchasing and taking medication risk behaviors.