父母心理控制對高中青少年心理適應之影響：雙元孝道信念及雙元自主性之中介效果分析

Abstract

本研究旨在了解高中生知覺父母心理控制與心理適應結果之間的關聯，並分別檢驗雙元孝道信念、雙元自主性於此關聯間之中介角色，以及兩者之序列中介角色。本研究參與者為臺灣北部、南部及東部地區高中職，一至三年級學生，共528位15至19歲參與者（男生197人，女生331人），平均年齡為15.96。本研究使用的研究工具為「父母心理控制量表」、「孝道信念量表」、「青少年自主性量表」、「短版流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表」、「短版斯賓思兒童焦慮量表」及「心理幸福感量表」。在控制性別及父母親教育程度後，本研究所得分析結果如下：（一）父母心理控制可以顯著預測相互性孝道信念；（二）父母心理控制可以顯著預測權威性孝道信念；（三）父母心理控制無法顯著預測個體自主性；（四）父母心理控制可以顯著預測關係自主性；（五）「個體自主性」在「父母心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間無中介效果；（六）「關係自主性」在「父母心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間存在中介效果；（七）「相互性孝道信念」在「父母心理控制」與「心理幸福感」之間存在中介效果；（八）「權威性孝道信念」在「父母心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間無中介效果（九）「相互性孝道信念」和「個體自主性」在「父母心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間存在序列中介效果；（十）「相互性孝道信念」和「關係自主性」在「父母心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間存在序列中介效果；（十一）「權威性孝道信念」和「個體自主性」在「父親心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間無中介效果，在「母親心理控制」與「心理幸福感」間存在序列中介效果；（十二）「權威性孝道信念」和「關係自主性」在「父親心理控制」與「心理適應結果」之間無中介效果，在「母親心理控制」與「心理幸福感」間存在序列中介效果。本研究根據以上研究結果進行討論，並對輔導實務工作及未來研究方向提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between parental psychological control and adjustment of adolescents, and further to investigate whether dual filial piety and dual autonomy would mediate and serial mediate the relationship between parental psychological control and adjustment. The participants included 528 senior high school students (197 males and 331 females) from northern, southern and eastern Taiwan, in the age range of 15 to 19 (average age is 15.96). The measurement tools used in the study were the Chinese version of the “Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire (PPCQ),” “Filial Piety Scale (FPS),” “Adolescent Autonomy Scale (AAS), ” “short version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D),” “short version of Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS)” and “Psychological Well-Being scale (PWB).” After controlling for gender and educational degree of parents, the results demonstrated that: (1) parental psychological control was negatively related to reciprocal filial piety; (2) parental psychological control was positively related to authoritarian filial piety; (3) parental psychological control was not significantly related to individuating autonomy; (4) parental psychological control was negatively related to relating autonomy; (5) individuating autonomy did not mediate the association between parental psychological control and adjustment; (6) relating autonomy mediated the association between parental psychological control and adjustment; (7) reciprocal filial piety mediated the association between parental psychological control and psychological well-being; (8) authoritarian filial piety did not mediate the association between parental psychological control and adjustment; (9) reciprocal filial piety and individuating autonomy serial mediated the association between parental psychological control and adjustment; (10) reciprocal filial piety and relating autonomy serial mediated the association between parental psychological control and adjustment; (11) authoritarian filial piety and individuating autonomy did not serial mediated the association between paternal psychological control and adjustment, while serial mediated the association between maternal psychological control and psychological well-being; (12) authoritarian filial piety and relating autonomy did not serial mediated the association between paternal psychological control and adjustment, while serial mediated the association between maternal psychological control and psychological well-being. Based on the results,implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.