爭議性事件報導文本分析之研究—某網紅指控作票個案分析

Abstract

本研究採用質性研究取向的文本分析，以某網紅指控作票來做個案分析來探討爭議性事件報導在新聞媒體及社群媒體帶來的影響性。以2024年總統大選選務相關的爭議性事件為分析對象，透過文本分析看見臺灣事實查核中心做出的查核報告所呈現的爭議性事件報導，看見文本背後的意義，使得整個爭議事件更有完整的脈絡。依照本研究之主旨，得出下列幾項的研究結果及發現：一、爭議性事件報導在新聞媒體的新聞標題與內容基本上並無太大出入，主要原因在於現在新聞媒體皆會參考臺灣事實查核中心提出的查核報告，臺灣事實查核中心為國際認證的組織，提出的查核報告具有公信力。二、爭議性事件報導在2024年總統大選可以切分成選前、開票、選後來做文本分析討論，比較臺灣事實查核中心所提出的「選務謠言劇本」有高度的相關性。三、爭議性事件報導在社群媒體上造成各種現象，經歷了同溫層效應、第三人效果、政治極化、後真相時代的影響之下，社群媒體加速爭議性事件的擴散速度，也導致查核組織的報告澄清的效果有限，爭議性事件報導也導致了社會對立趨於嚴重。四、網紅在社群媒體具有話語權及影響力，提出選舉作票這類型的嚴重指控，未盡到查證、查核事實之義務，導致政治極化更加嚴重。爭議性事件報導在社群媒體上發酵之後，具有高度聲量之後新聞媒體會再持續報導，進一步提高討論度。This study adopts a qualitative research approach through textual analysis, using a case study of a social media influencer accusing electoral fraud to explore the impact of controversial event reporting in news media and social media. The focus of the analysis is on the controversial events related to the 2024 presidential election. Through textual analysis, the study examines the reports presented by the Taiwan FactCheck Center, uncovering the meanings behind the texts and providing a more comprehensive context for the entire controversy.Based on the purpose of this research, the following key findings were obtained：I. There is little difference between the headlines and content of controversial event reports in the news media, primarily because news outlets now reference the verification reports from the Taiwan FactCheck Center. The Taiwan FactCheck Center is an internationally accredited organization, and its reports are considered credible.II. Controversial event reports related to the 2024 presidential election can be categorized and analyzed into pre-election, vote-counting, and post-election phases. These phases show a high correlation with the"Election Rumor Scripts" proposed by the Taiwan FactCheck Center. III. Controversial event reports on social media lead to various phenomena, such as the echo chamber effect, third-person effect, political polarization, and the influence of the post-truth era. Social media accelerates the spread of controversial events, which limits the effectiveness of clarifications provided by fact-checking organizations. Consequently, such reports contribute to worsening societal division. IV. Influencers onsocial media have significant discourse power and influence. When they make serious accusations, such as electoral fraud, without fulfilling the obligation of fact-checking, it exacerbates political polarization. Once these controversial event reports gain significant traction on social media, news media continue to report on them, further increasing the level of public discussion.