杜斯妥也夫斯基短篇小說中的象徵主義

Abstract

本文旨在探討符號如何在杜斯妥也夫斯基的短篇小說中扮演重要的角色，以及符號如何在各作品中建構主題。在杜斯妥也夫斯基的多數作品中，他先知卓見的提出對於社會的批判以及人性的關懷，而這些主題可以從文中充滿豐富象徵意涵的符號(symbol)闡釋而知。本文由符號的角度切入杜式獨特晦澀的各種主題，更以哲學家尼爾遜•古德曼(Nelson Goodman)提出的符號「例示」(exemplification)特性去討論符號在杜式作品中所象徵的意涵。本文所探討的作品皆為杜斯妥也夫斯基的短篇小說，有《死屋手記》(The House of the Dead)、《地下室手記》(Notes from Underground)、《溫順者》(The Meek One)。

This research discusses how symbols function in short fictions of Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) with a focus on three works written in his post-Siberian years: The House of the Dead (1862), Notes from Underground (1864), and The Meek One (1876). Symbols provide unlimited opportunities to examine and re-examine the Russian author’s works with varied dimensions to explore his themes. To understand how the symbol is orchestrated in Dostoevsky’s writing system, Nelson Goodman’s concept of exemplification serves as a cognitive and accessible approach to navigate in the Russian writer’s symbolic world.