抵抗日蝕：石黑一雄《克拉拉與太陽》中的後人類主義與意義意志

Abstract

從控制論的興起，到後人類主義和後人類中心主義思想的出現，人們不禁思考人類的消亡是否即將到來。隨著人工智慧領域的最新發展，我們許多人或許開始思考，我們自身是否有一天會被機器取代。你我身上是否有什麼東西讓我們夠特殊，以至於我們被認為是不可取代的？如果沒有，那麼我們每個人的生命又有何意義？當石黑一雄的最新小說《克拉拉與太陽》問世時，許多評論家和學者認為它直接探討了人類的特殊性問題。然而，它更深層的探索在於探索一個人定義自我的力量，以及抵抗其他實體在限制自身身分時所施加的力量。它追問：一個被他人意志所桎梏的存在，如何能依循自身意志追求有意義的生命？作品在後人類主義和自由人文主義思想中找到了答案。身為後人類，克拉拉的獨特性在於其身體的特質，以及她與其他存在物的特定經驗和聯繫，使其在偶然的情境中獨一無二，卻又與他人的意志交織、相互依存。她透過身體行使的自主性，源自於自由的內在生活和心靈，並以鮮明的人文主義形象保留了自由選擇的權利。克拉拉的故事講述了一個受限制的個體如何與日蝕抗爭，並努力追求一種持久的意義，使自己變得不可替代。From the rise of cybernetics, through the advent of posthuman and post-anthropocentric thought, people have been prompted to wonder if the eclipse of the human being may be soon at hand. With recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence, many of us may have begun wondering if we ourselves may one day be replaced by machines. Is there anything with you or I that makes us special enough that we can be considered irreplaceable? If not, what meaning does each of our individual lives have?When Kazuo Ishiguro's most recent novel, Klara and the Sun many reviewers and scholars saw it as dealing directly with the question of the specialness of the human being. However, its deeper undertaking is to explore the power one has to define oneself, and to resist the power that other entities wield in confining one's identity. It questions how someone restricted by the wills of others can pursue their own will in a way that grants the subject a meaningful existence. The text finds answersin both posthuman and liberal humanist thought. As a posthuman, Klara is a subject whose uniqueness lies in the particularities of the body, in a contingent situation with specific experiences and connections to other beings, such that she is one of a kind, but intertwined and inter-dependent on the wills of others. Her autonomy, exercised through that body, is nonetheless a product of a free inner life and mind that retain free choice in a decidedly humanist image. Klara's is the story of a constricted individual's battle against eclipse, wherein she strives for an enduring significance that will make her irreplaceable.