性別平等教育法下的校園性騷擾暨性侵害調查之程序正義:受害人保護及行為人權益之兼顧
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2007
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本研究旨在瞭解自性別平等教育法通過後,各級學校性侵害或性騷擾調查人員在進行校園內性侵害或性騷擾調查及處理過程中如何維持程序正義,能兼顧對受害人的保護與行為人權益之保障,以及在兼顧過程中,所面臨的兩難或挑戰為何。
本研究透過文獻探討、法規分析,瞭解校園性侵害或性騷擾調查過程中,程序正義的概念及相關規定,以及在程序正義的精神下,對於校園性侵害或性騷擾案件中的受害者保護與行為人權益保障的規範。並以國內外大學為例,整理相關之校園性侵害或性騷擾申訴案件處理調查之規定。以教育部核准之大學校園性侵害或性騷擾調查專業人才庫中,校園性侵害或性騷擾調查專家為主要訪談對象,一共訪為九位具有校園性侵害或性騷擾實際調查及處理經驗之專家,透過他們的經驗以瞭解目前有關校園性侵害或性騷擾調查原則及影響程序正義的可能因素。
本研究在整理及分析訪談資料,結果如下:
一、在校園性侵害或性騷擾調查的技巧與原則方面,受訪者認為一定要按照法規來進行;秉持公平及公正的原則;調查之前要做好包括基本資訊收集、熟讀相關法律及規定等方面的準備;對自己擔任調查人員一事建立正向心態;多方面查證與考量;同理心等輔導技巧的應用;勿情緒化:委員意見不同的表達時機;找有經驗的人擔任顧問或督導;在調查過程中不斷自我挑戰與對話;找到持續的動力。
二、在校園性侵害或性騷擾調查中程序正義的實踐方面,受訪者認為應該以教育為核心、秉持公正、不預設立場、權利及相關資訊的告知、保密、提供充分陳述的機會、避免對質、迴避、禁止私下與雙方當事人接觸、申復和救濟的機制、避免受害人遭不平對待、行為人基本權益的保障。
三、有關影響校園性侵害或性騷擾調查程序正義的可能因素部分,受訪者認為直接因素為法規間的落差、不明確、迷思與兩難;間接因素為學校的態度與角色、權力的影響、校園內對性侵害或性騷擾事件或調查的恐懼、家長的態度、校園內人際關係或人情壓力、學校老師對擔任性平會或校園性侵害或性騷擾調查委員的敬而遠之、調查委員參與調查的得與失。
四、對於校園性侵害或性騷擾調查後續的懲處、處理與追蹤部分,由本研究訪談結果發現,有以下的問題、挑戰或情況。包含性平會只要認定事實就好;懲處單位的態度;誰來執行懲處;懲處標準未建立;如何落實懲處;不分罪刑輕重,一律「殺頭」;大學校院的懲處過程漫長;缺乏評估懲處和處理成效的標準;誰來追蹤及如何追蹤;對受害人的遺漏;缺乏對校園的機會教育。
五、對於校園性侵害或性騷擾調查專業知能培訓的反思部分,受訪者認為有訓練已經很不錯;培訓是一件嚴肅又重要的事;培育的校園性侵害或性騷擾調查人才素質不一;講師的知能不一;縣市政府與教育部課程不一;對培訓制度的建議。
六、對於校園性侵害或性騷擾調查最終的期待部分,受訪者除期望正義能獲得彰顯與伸張,並對現行制度提出相關的建議。
本研究也針對研究結果,進行討論,並提供教育部或地方教育主管機關在修訂相關政策法規及培訓各級學校校園性侵害或性騷擾調查人員時之參考,並且提供各級學校校園性侵害或性騷擾調查人員在執行調查過程,能瞭解程序正義的原則與精神,以在調查過程中,能同時保護受害人也能維護行為人之權益。
The purpose of this study is to research how members ofan investigation team should conduct the investigation of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment case in terms of procedural justice, with a special focus on how to protect victim’s and suspect’s rights at the same time, through examinations of the challenges and difficult choices during the process of an investigation. We will examine what are the procedures that a campus sexual assault or harrasmment case should be followed in line with the idea of procedural justice, Then, to what extent the idea of procedural justice has been materialized at campuses, especially how to keep both victim’s and offender’s rights in balance. To this end, 9 persons will be interviewed. They all had a lot of experiences in the investigation of a campus sexual assault or harrassment case, who have been certified and listed by local or central authorities in the specialist database for the investigation of campus sexual assault or harassment cases. We have found that the idea of procedural justice is not very clear to most of the interviewed who have various conceptions of it and how to keep the balance for both victim’s and suspect’s rights in the procedure.
The purpose of this study is to research how members ofan investigation team should conduct the investigation of a campus sexual assault or sexual harassment case in terms of procedural justice, with a special focus on how to protect victim’s and suspect’s rights at the same time, through examinations of the challenges and difficult choices during the process of an investigation. We will examine what are the procedures that a campus sexual assault or harrasmment case should be followed in line with the idea of procedural justice, Then, to what extent the idea of procedural justice has been materialized at campuses, especially how to keep both victim’s and offender’s rights in balance. To this end, 9 persons will be interviewed. They all had a lot of experiences in the investigation of a campus sexual assault or harrassment case, who have been certified and listed by local or central authorities in the specialist database for the investigation of campus sexual assault or harassment cases. We have found that the idea of procedural justice is not very clear to most of the interviewed who have various conceptions of it and how to keep the balance for both victim’s and suspect’s rights in the procedure.
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校園性侵害或性騷擾, 程序正義, 受害者保護, 行為人權益, sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus, procedural justice, victim’s protection, suspect’s rights