父職參與對親子關係之影響－以在中國大陸工作之父親為對象分析

Abstract

大陸台商常需面對工作與家庭的衝突，然而過往研究多針對員工求職意願及離職傾向居多，有關家庭相關研究相對有限。本研究旨在針對在中國大陸工作且育有就學子女之台籍父親，探討父職參與與親子關係之關聯。研究採取問卷調查法，共計有效樣本為213份。 本研究發現，在大陸工作之父親參與父職的程度高，並以「生活供應」之參與程度最高，「讚美與情感」、「支持母親」、「發展才能與關心未來」及「時間與交談」等亦有高程度的參與。再者，教育程度越高、大陸工作資歷越長、與子女互動頻率越高的父親，父職參與程度越高，且家庭發展階段亦影響父親的父職參與情況。就親子關係來看，在大陸工作父親知覺與子女關係良好，但與子女之交流分享相對較不足。並且，在大陸工作資歷越低、配偶就業、家庭發展階段為「子女離家」階段、與子女互動頻率越高之父親，親子關係較為良好。本研究證實：父職參與對親子關係有正向影響，就父職參與的不同面向來看，父親與子女的相處時間與交談對親子關係的影響最大，而父親提供「生活供應」對親子關係則並無顯著影響。本研究依據研究結果針對家庭教育、企業及未來研究提出建議。Taiwanese businessmen and expatriates in Mainland China are often faced with a dilemma between getting on at work and fulfilling family commitments. Previous studies primarily placed emphasis on willingness to work abroad and turnover intention of the Taiwanese employees in Mainland China, yet studies that focus on their family relationship are relatively limited. This study attempts to explore family relationships of the Taiwanese fathers in Mainland China and provide a description of the influence of their father involvement on father-child relationship. This study was conducted via questionnaire survey with an effective sample size of 213 questionnaires. On the basis of the questionnaire survey, the result shows that father involvement of these Taiwanese fathers is high. Within various aspects of father involvement, "Providing," or financial support, is the most common form, and other forms such as "Praise and Affection," "Mother Support," "Developing Talents and Future Concerns," and "Time and Talking Together" are salient as well. Moreover, fathers with higher education, seniority, or interaction with children have higher level of father involvement. Different family developmental stages also influence the degree of father involvement. In regards to father-child relationship, Taiwanese fathers claim they have a good relationship with their children, while in fact their "Sharing and Attachment" with children is inadequate. Furthermore, fathers who develop a better father-child relationship are those with lower seniority, with a working spouse, with more active parent-child interaction, or with children at the family developmental stage of leaving home. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that father involvement takes on a positive role in father-child relationship. Among the aspects of father involvement, the time fathers spend with their children and their conversations have the most significant influence on father-child relationship, while the influence of father's financial support is not significant. This study hopes to shed lights on the influence of father involvement on father-child relationship and provide further insights for family education, entrepreneurship, and future research.