澎湖縣西嶼鄉閩南話研究

Abstract

本文以「傳統方言學」出發，實地了解澎湖縣西嶼鄉閩南話之現況，採用田野調查法、語料分析法和語言比較法，記錄分析西嶼地區之音韻及詞彙特色。研究之目的為 1.調查與整理西嶼鄉閩南話的音韻系統，以了解其方言的語音特色。 2.比較其他相關閩南話各次方言，整理出西嶼鄉閩南話的聲、韻、調特色。 3.藉由詞彙的調查與比較，整理出西嶼鄉的特殊詞彙。 4.完成西嶼鄉閩南話彙稿，作為閩南語教材編製的重要參考語料。 本研究之結論： 1.西嶼鄉閩南話具偏泉腔特色，與高雄市普通腔有明顯的差異。 2.在韻母方面，合界、竹灣、小門三個村有 /a、o、e、e 、ö、i、u/ 七個主要元音，保留 /e/、/ö/ 元音；其他村里只有 /a、o、e、i、u/ 五個主要元音，/ /、/o/ 普遍不分，「姑」、「哥」同音。 3.連讀變調方面，陰上調變調為中升調 /51/ > /35/ ，陽平調及陽去調變調為低平調 /13、33/ > /11/，陰去調及收 /?// 的陰入調變調則分兩類 /11/ > /51、55/；/3/ > /51、55/，與其他偏泉腔不同。 4.「□仔」變調，主要為「固定低調型」，詞幹唸原變調，而「仔」唸成固定低調 /11/ ，和台灣優勢腔明顯不同。 5.「小稱詞根」的「增音」現象，為西嶼鄉閩南話的一大特色，這種增音現象竹灣村沒有調查到，顯得竹灣村次方言的獨特性。 6.西嶼人有矮化自己語言腔調的傾向，但對外來的腔調卻有很大的包容力。The study introduces from the “traditional dialectology” to get an insight to the current status of the Taiwanese dialect in Penghu Shiyeu Towship, adopting the field survey methods, corpus analysis and language of comparative law, in order to record and analyze the phonological and lexical characteristics in the Shiyeu region. The purpose of the study aims at: 1. Investigate and compile phonological system of the Shiyeu Taiwanese dialect, in order to understand the voice characteristics of the dialect. 2. Compare the dialect with other secondary dialects related to Taiwanese dialect, compiling the sounding, rhyming and toning characteristics of the Shiyeu Taiwanese dialect. 3. Compile special vocabulary of Shiyeu Township through investigation and comparison of vocabulary. 4. Complete the vocabulary draft for the Shiyeu Township Taiwanese dialect to be used as significant reference language source for preparing the Taiwanese dialect teaching materials. The conclusion of the study includes the following: 1. The Shiyeu Township Taiwanese dialect tends to orient towards the Pienchuan Accent, while preserving a significant difference from the common accent in Kaohsiung City. 2. With respect to vowels, there are seven major vowels /a、o、e、e 、ö、i、u/ in Hejie, Zhumen and Xiaomen villages, and only the /e/ and /ö/ vowels have bee preserved; while there are only five major vowels /a、o、e、i、u/ in other villages, generally regardless of / / and /o/, while “Gu”and “Gu” share the same sound. 3. With respect to consecutive tone sandhi, the intonation (yin 2) is modulated to middle tone /51/ > /35/, while the intonation (yang 5) and intonation (yang 7) are modulated to lower tone /13、33/ > /11/ ,The intonation (yin 3) and the intonation (yin 2) receiving /?// are modulated into two categories /11/ > /51、55/；/3/ > /51、55/ and quite different from other Pienchuan accent. 4. The “□Ah” tone-sandhi is mainly the “fixed low tone,” stem will be pronounced as the original tone-sandhi, while the “Ah” is pronounced as the fixed lower tone /11/, which is significantly different from the Taiwanese Youshi accent. 5. The “Epenthesis” phenomenon of affixed stem is one characteristics of the Shiyeu Taiwanese dialect. This “Epenthesis” phenomenon is however not found in Zhumen village, which shows the uniqueness of the secondary dialect in Zhumen village. 6. The Shiyeu folks tend to dwarf on their own language while possessing high tolerance to foreign accents