越南本土華語師資培育之需求評估及影響因素探究—以順化大學下屬外語大學中文系為例

Abstract

越南的華語教學近年急遽發展，中文科系大幅增加同時，也凸顯出越南華語教學正面臨的問題，各級學校缺乏針對越南學生的國別化華語教材，師資不足且缺乏培訓，課程與教學又偏重讀寫技能，導致學生在溝通交際上遇到困難；以師資來源而言，儘管每年都有一些中國大陸或台灣的教師來到越南任教或實習，但由於薪資、教育制度以及生活環境差異，使得華語母語教師流動率高，而越南本土華語教師出國進修時間過長，返國任教者也不多。因此，建置完整的師資培育系統是當前越南華語教育的當務之急。本研究旨在探討越南本土華語教學的師資現況、培育需求及影響因素，以越南中部地區歷史最悠久的順化大學下屬外語大學中文系師範班為研究目標，透過實地觀察、問卷調查以及師生訪談，深入瞭解華語師資培育正面臨的困境，藉以推論各大學華語師範班的類似問題，進而提出改善華語師資培育的建議。研究結果顯示在大環境下，華語師範班受到越南的師培制度、社會需求及就業待遇的影響，儘管中文專業愈形熱門，師範班招生情況甚佳，但因相對薪資低且工作負荷重，導致師範人才流失，並且中文系師資人數不足，致難以進行課程改善及本土教材編寫；必須從國家的師範體制的制度面著手方能解決問題。This study aimed to investigate the needs of Domestic Chinese Language Teachers Training in Vietnam, take the Pre-service Teacher Class in the Chinese Department at University of Foreign Language, the oldest history in Central Vietnam-Highlands, Hue University as object of research. Through field observation, questionnaire survey and interview, the study focuses on in-depth understanding the limits of Teachers Training for the purpose of inferring the similar problems in the Chinese Language Pre-service Teacher Class at various Universities and the suggestions to improving Chinese Language Teachers Training. The result of this study reflected that the Chinese department were heavily influenced by the teacher education system, social needs and salary. Most of the Chinese Language Pre-service Teacher Class students changed their carrier path after graduation due to insufficient salary and overloading teaching condition, hence the teacher’s quota and salary must be elevated, in order to improve the professionalism.