不同強度腳踏車運動對男大學生腦血流量及執行控制的影響

Abstract

目的：過去研究指出中等強度有氧運動能提升認知功能， 但較少研究探討低強度有氧運動的效果，本研究主要目的在比較不同運動強度(安靜,20%HRR和50%HRR)單次腳踏運動對於男大學生腦血流量(總血紅素和組織氧飽和度)和執行控制(反應時間和正確率)的影響。方法：本研究招募20位慣用手為右手之健康男性大學生為研究對象，每位受試者隨機分配進行3次不同的實驗處理，包括從事30分鐘靜坐於腳踏車或低運動強度20%HRR和中運動強度50%HRR腳踏車運動，每次測驗至少間隔兩天。 於每次運動介入前、中、後(運動後五分鐘)測量腦血流量及執行控制的表現。 利用近紅外線光譜儀(NIRS)測量右前額葉腦血流量的變化，包括總血紅素和組織氧飽和度；利用Sternb -erg 工作記憶測驗(Sternberg Working Memory Task)測量認知表現，包括反應時間和正確率。實驗過程中，收集腦血流量資料以差值(運動前、中、後測量值減去基準值)為數據， 採用二因子重複量數變異數分析比較。 結果：一、低運動強度20%HRR及中運動強度50%HRR的腳踏車運動中和運動後沒有明顯增加腦血流量。二、 30分鐘50%HRR腳踏車運動後五分鐘，右手執行控制反應時間顯著優於運動前(p<.05) 三、 30分鐘20%HRR的腳踏車運動對執行控制反應時間沒有影響。 四、30分鐘20%HRR及50%HRR的腳踏車運動對左、右手執行控制正確率沒有影響。 結語：單次低強度的腳踏車運動對執行控制沒有影響，而單次中強度的腳踏車運動後改善執行控制的反應時間，改善效果與腦血流量無關。Purposes: The previous studies have indicated the moderate aerobic exercise can improve the cognitive function, but few study has conductedto exam the effect of low intensity aerobic exercise. The main purposes of this study are to compare the effects of different exercise intensity (resting, 20% HRR and 50%HRR) of acute 30 minutes-bicycling exerciseon the cerebral blood flow (total hemoglobin and tissue saturation index, TSI) and executive controls (accurate rate and reaction time) of male college students. Methods: There were 20 healthy right-handed male college students were recruited as the subjects of this study. Each subject was assignedand received 3 different intensity exercises randomly, including 30 minutes resting, 20% HRR and 50% HRR cycling exercise, at least 2 days apart. During each trial, the subjects were received the Stenberg working memory test to measure accuracy and reaction time and, and the Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was used to measure the total hemoglobin and TSI at prefrontal brain before, during and after exercise (5 minutes after exercise). The collected data were represented by the differences of the performance of executive controls and the blood flows (the value during exercise or after exercise –pre-exercise or baseline) and the 2 Way repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis and comparisons. Results: 1, 30-minutes low intensity and moderate intensity bicycling exercise had no significant effects on the total hemoglobin and TSI. 2, The reaction time of right hand after 30 minute moderateintensity cycling exercise (50%HRR) was significantly improved than that of pre-exercise (p<.05). 3, the reaction time of executive control was not affected by 30 minute low intensity cycling exercise(20%HRR). 4, 30 minutes low intensity and moderate intensity cycling exercise had no effects on accurate rate of right hand and left hand executive control. Conclusion: the acute low intensity cycling exercise has no effect on executive control, and the reaction time of executive control is improved after acute moderate cycling exercise which may not related to cerebral blood flow.