林欽彬道長之道教法事與音樂研究

Abstract

閭山教派，是道教系統中較少聽聞的一個派別，因此想藉由本論文對道教正一派以及閭山派於彰化、台中地區的活動現象有所探究與紀錄。觀察對象為彰化縣和美鎮閭山龍玄法門之林欽彬道長。 筆者將分為三大方向進行研究及資料收集。一為實地田野調查，確實記錄林欽彬道長所施行之科儀法事現場實況，以人、地、時、事、物為重點紀錄；二為專人訪談，以林欽彬道長為主要訪談對象，對其進行傳承之現況、師承脈絡、營務內容等有所瞭解，其次為了解眾道士們學習歷程及其各專長與特點；最後一部分則將所採集之音樂、儀式、訪談記錄等影音及影像內容作整理分析之工作。 本文共分為五個部分。序論，概述台灣道教法事其發展，以及中部地區道教儀式之研究資訊，並記錄目前相關研究論著之概況。第一章，閭山大法院龍玄法門之概述，記錄該壇之道法傳衍及沿革，主壇道長、助壇道士、後場樂師等，以及概述正一派與閭山派各科事類型。第二章，閭山龍玄法門持有之演法物件，記錄法器、抄本、道場神像圖以及道服等由林道長保留下來之珍貴物件。第三章，法事內容與宣行的紀錄，包括儀式流程、運用物品、空間、參與者等相關事物。第四章，科儀中的音樂分析，採錄《發表科儀》、《安龍謝土科儀》、《普度科儀》三個儀式內容，進一步分析其道曲演唱特色以及依演唱型態分「加詞唱法」、「疊唱」、「字與曲調運用」之情形。Lu-Shan factionis a seldom heard school in the Tao system, and therefore the purpose of this thesis is to investigate into and record the activities in Taichung and Chunghua area conducted by Cheng-Ii faction and Lu-Shan faction of Taoism. The object of observation is based on Chin-Bin Lin, the Head of Priest of Dharma Long-Jsuan of the Chunghua county and the mountain of He-Mei town. Three approaches will be applied to collect information for this research. Firstly, a field research is done with emphasis on people, locations, time, events and objects of a live record of ceremonies and regulations conducted by Head Priest Chin-Bin Lin. Secondly, an interview with Head Priest Chin-Bin Lin is conducted, with the process of the passing down of the heritage and experiences as well as the history of the succession of teachings and the contents of administrations being studied in the first place, followed by the abilities and specialties of other Priests and their learning processes. Finally, an image-sound record of the collected music, rituals and interviews will be analyzed and rearranged.This article consists of five parts: the introduction and four chapters.In the introduction, I provide an outline of the development of Taiwan’s Taoism and its services, the research on the Tao rituals of mid-Taiwan, and a brief report on the current situation of researchers in related fields. In the first chapter, a brief introduction on Dharma Long-Hsuan of Lu-Shan hall is given, recording the succession of preachings, the history, the Priests of the main and second altar, the musicians in the back stage and the different types of services provided by Cheng-Ii faction and Lu-Shan faction. In the second chapter, the precious materials preserved by Head Priest Lin of Dharma Lu-Shan-Long-Hsuan is presented, be it ceremonial materials, recording instruments, transcripts, drawings of the Tao Gods and the clothings. The third chapter will focus on the contents of religious ceremonies and the record of proclaims, including the process of rituals, materials, space, the attendances andother things related. The fourth chapter includes a series of analysis on the contents of three musical pieces-the regulations on presentation, regulations on the An-Long rituals of reverence, regulations on the Purdue Festival. Further more, advanced analysis upon features of vocal performance of the three musical pieces will be carried out as well as three methods applied accordingly to different forms of their performances be it “prolonged lyrics”, “reiterative vocal”, and “the usage of words and tune”.