應用FAHP法探討大學校院於基本設計課程規劃之關鍵因素
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2019
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
根據世界經濟論壇（WEF）2017年全球競爭力報告書中顯示：台灣經濟已由代工進入「創新」階段，而創新的重要工具則是「設計」。近年來，為了因應國家經濟的推動與創新產業的需要，促使台灣在高等設計教育的蓬勃發展。而在各設計領域的專業養成中，「基本設計」是其中重要的必修課程，透過基礎知識的啓發與技能的訓練，作為銜接至專業領域的橋樑。以106年度教育部的統計資料顯示，目前台灣各大學校院之設計相關學系於一年級開設的基礎課程中，有近75%開設「基本設計」課程，由此可知其重要性。因此，藉由探討「基本設計」課程內涵，分析關鍵因素評估指標之權重關係，期能提供大學校院在規劃「基本設計」課程時之參考。
本研究主要分為三個階段進行，第一階段以蒐集文獻對於「基本設計」課程規劃的相關指標，透過認知、情意、技能三個領域作為研究的主構面，並針對北、中、南三個地區之大學校院，藉由「判斷抽樣法」對10所視覺傳達設計、7所產品（工業）設計、5所空間（環境）設計等相關學系，蒐集「基本設計」課程規劃之評估指標樣本，以建立層級架構，提供後續深度訪談大綱之依據。第二階段採用「深度訪談法」，請5位對「基本設計」課程有深入研究與授課之教授，採用半結構方式進行面對面訪談，篩選出三大主構面下10項評估指標間的相依性，作為下一階段「問卷調查法」之依據；再利用FAHP設計問卷，以12位具有實務授課之受測學者，進行主構面與各評估指標間相對重要性比較選擇。第三階段將回收之問卷，應用FAHP法對評估指標進行分析，建構「基本設計」課程規劃之關鍵因素的權重關係。本研究結果分析如下：
1.台灣大學校院在「基本設計」課程時數與修課安排，「一般大學」課程時數多以上下學期每週3小時為主，而「技職科大」課程時數則以上下學期每週2個小時為主。其中實踐大學之媒體傳達設計學系與工業產品設計學系，每週「創作基礎」上課時數高達6小時。而中原大學商業設計學系之「基礎設計」，其修課安排則長達二學年。
2.研究結果顯示設計相關學系之課程內容，在(1)認知領域部分：培育具基本設計的基礎知識，如：造形元素、構成原理、造形表現、美的形式原理、造形語言、構成方式、完形心理等。(2)情意領域部分：培育具有美感與欣賞的基礎素養，如：審美能力、敏銳觀察力、造形的創造力、口語表達能力等。(3)技能領域部分：以培育具備設計表現、實務操作的基礎能力，如：造形的表現能力、材質運用的能力、多元媒材的應用能力、實作執行的能力、基本的電腦運用、特殊的技法等。
3.經由深度訪談及問卷統計分析得知，規劃「基本設計」課程內容之10項評估指標的整體權重以(1)造形的表現能力（0.160）最重要、依序為(2)敏銳觀察力（0.152）、(3)美的形式原理（0.149）、(4)造形元素與表現（0.124）、(5)概念創造力（0.103）、(6)審美能力（0.088）、(7)實作執行的能力（0.077）、(8)完形心理（0.071）、(9)材質運用的能力（0.040），而在 (10)口語表達能力（0.036）部分，則不特別在「基本設計」課程中需要。
According to the World Economic Forum's (WEF) in 2017 Global Competitiveness Report indicated: Taiwan's economy has improved to enter the stage of “innovation” from OEM, and the important tool for innovation is "design." In recent years, in order to respond to the needs of the country's economic development and innovative industries, Taiwan universities’ design education departments are booming. However, in the professional development of various design fields, "Basic Design" is an important compulsory course. Through the inspiration of basic knowledge and the training of skills, it is a bridge connecting specialized fields. From the statistical data of Ministry of Education in the year of 106 , to find out that nearly 75% of foundation courses offered by design-related departments of universities are set "Basic Design" course, it made us know its importance. Therefore, by exploring the "Basic Design" courses content planning, inquiry the key factors in evaluating index balance relationship. I hope the study will provide the reference for the university in the "Basic Design" courses planning. The main purpose of this study is to divide into three stages. The first stage is collecting literature to make relevant indicators of the "Basic Design" courses planning, through the three fields of cognition, affection and skill as the main surface of research; and targeted three regions of North, Central and South of Taiwan's universities, by "Judgement Sampling Method", adopting ten visual communication designs departments, seven product (industrial) designs departments, fives space (environment) design departments etc, collecting sample of evaluation indicators for "Basic Design" courses planning to establish a hierarchical structure, and could provide a basis for an in-depth interview outline. In second stage, "In-depth Interview Method " was conducted to invite five professors who have great researched and teaching on the "Basic Design" course, using a semi-structured approach to make face-to-face interviews, and screen out the interdependence between the ten evaluation indicators under three main aspects, as the basis for the next stage of "Questionnaire Method". Then use FAHP method to design questionnaire to survey twelve scholars with practical experienced courses, making the comparative importance comparison of the main and evaluation indicators. In third stage, collected questionnaire survey and applied FAHP method to analyze the evaluation indicators, establish an importance relationship between the key factor of the "Basic Design" courses planning. The results of this study are analyzed as follows: 1.Taiwan's University in "Basic Design" course hours and course arrangement, the "University System" course hours are mainly three hours a week in two semesters, and the "Technical System" course hours are two hours a week in two semesters. Among them, the Department of Media Communication Design and the Department of Industrial Product Design at Shih Chien University have a maximum of 6 hours per week for the "Creation Foundation" course. The "Basic Design" of the Department of Business Design at Chung Yuan Christian University extends to arrange two years. 2.The results of the study show the courses content in each design-related department,(1)cognition field: cultivate basic knowledge of basic design, such as: shape elements, composition principle, shape representation, the formal principle of beauty, shape language, composition method, gestalt psychology.(2)affection field: cultivate basic literacy with aesthetics and appreciation, such as: aesthetic ability, keen observation, creative creativity, and oral expression ability.(3)skill field: cultivate basic ability to design performance and practice, such as: performance of shape, ability of materials, application of multi-media, ability to implement, basic computer use, special techniques . 3.Through in-depth interviews and statistical analysis of the questionnaire, ten evaluation indicators of "Basic Design" course content planning are (1) Performance of shape (0.160) is the most important, in order (2) Keen observation (0.152), (3) The formal principle of beauty (0.149), (4) Shaping elements and representation (0.124), (5) Conceptual creativity (0.103), (6) Aesthetic ability (0.088), (7) Ability to implement (0.077) (8) Gestalt psychology (0.071), (9) Ability of materials (0.040), The (10) Oral expression ability (0.036) section is less desirable in the "Basic Design" course.
According to the World Economic Forum's (WEF) in 2017 Global Competitiveness Report indicated: Taiwan's economy has improved to enter the stage of “innovation” from OEM, and the important tool for innovation is "design." In recent years, in order to respond to the needs of the country's economic development and innovative industries, Taiwan universities’ design education departments are booming. However, in the professional development of various design fields, "Basic Design" is an important compulsory course. Through the inspiration of basic knowledge and the training of skills, it is a bridge connecting specialized fields. From the statistical data of Ministry of Education in the year of 106 , to find out that nearly 75% of foundation courses offered by design-related departments of universities are set "Basic Design" course, it made us know its importance. Therefore, by exploring the "Basic Design" courses content planning, inquiry the key factors in evaluating index balance relationship. I hope the study will provide the reference for the university in the "Basic Design" courses planning. The main purpose of this study is to divide into three stages. The first stage is collecting literature to make relevant indicators of the "Basic Design" courses planning, through the three fields of cognition, affection and skill as the main surface of research; and targeted three regions of North, Central and South of Taiwan's universities, by "Judgement Sampling Method", adopting ten visual communication designs departments, seven product (industrial) designs departments, fives space (environment) design departments etc, collecting sample of evaluation indicators for "Basic Design" courses planning to establish a hierarchical structure, and could provide a basis for an in-depth interview outline. In second stage, "In-depth Interview Method " was conducted to invite five professors who have great researched and teaching on the "Basic Design" course, using a semi-structured approach to make face-to-face interviews, and screen out the interdependence between the ten evaluation indicators under three main aspects, as the basis for the next stage of "Questionnaire Method". Then use FAHP method to design questionnaire to survey twelve scholars with practical experienced courses, making the comparative importance comparison of the main and evaluation indicators. In third stage, collected questionnaire survey and applied FAHP method to analyze the evaluation indicators, establish an importance relationship between the key factor of the "Basic Design" courses planning. The results of this study are analyzed as follows: 1.Taiwan's University in "Basic Design" course hours and course arrangement, the "University System" course hours are mainly three hours a week in two semesters, and the "Technical System" course hours are two hours a week in two semesters. Among them, the Department of Media Communication Design and the Department of Industrial Product Design at Shih Chien University have a maximum of 6 hours per week for the "Creation Foundation" course. The "Basic Design" of the Department of Business Design at Chung Yuan Christian University extends to arrange two years. 2.The results of the study show the courses content in each design-related department,(1)cognition field: cultivate basic knowledge of basic design, such as: shape elements, composition principle, shape representation, the formal principle of beauty, shape language, composition method, gestalt psychology.(2)affection field: cultivate basic literacy with aesthetics and appreciation, such as: aesthetic ability, keen observation, creative creativity, and oral expression ability.(3)skill field: cultivate basic ability to design performance and practice, such as: performance of shape, ability of materials, application of multi-media, ability to implement, basic computer use, special techniques . 3.Through in-depth interviews and statistical analysis of the questionnaire, ten evaluation indicators of "Basic Design" course content planning are (1) Performance of shape (0.160) is the most important, in order (2) Keen observation (0.152), (3) The formal principle of beauty (0.149), (4) Shaping elements and representation (0.124), (5) Conceptual creativity (0.103), (6) Aesthetic ability (0.088), (7) Ability to implement (0.077) (8) Gestalt psychology (0.071), (9) Ability of materials (0.040), The (10) Oral expression ability (0.036) section is less desirable in the "Basic Design" course.
Description
Keywords
基本設計, FAHP（模糊層級分析法）, 課程規劃, 關鍵因素, Basic Design, FAHP (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process), Courses Planning, Key Factors