臺灣文人的記者初體驗及其創作實踐——以李逸濤為例的探討

Abstract

本論文旨在討論臺灣文人進入日治之後，如何從清領時期的「文人」身份，進入現代化環境下而轉變為職業「記者」的相關情況，以及連帶產生的文學書寫樣貌的變化狀態。大抵，臺灣漢文人對「記者」職業概念的從無到有，也同時涉及了殖民現代化下引進報刊所帶來龐大的印刷媒體文化結構的影響。而在報刊結構中，因殖民政策與詩社運作的結合，臺灣漢文人無可迴避的墜入總督府刻意為之，與報刊、吟社聯合而成的，一個具備「文明陷阱」的漢文空間；報刊做為整合總督府政策宣傳、日臺吟社詩作刊登的場域，宛如成為一面三稜鏡，折射出臺灣報刊如何藉由公共論述，進與官方/地方、個人/社團產生各種連結關係。大抵，本論文藉由三個面向討論上述相關議題：（一）臺灣報刊與殖民政策、日臺吟社型塑的共構關係。（二）日治時期現代報業引進後，臺灣漢文人如何藉由接觸報社工作，產生「記者」職業意識的層遞變化。（三）以李逸濤為例，展現文人與記者身份在報紙上呈現的不同創作面向，及其書寫混合的層面。而從上述三個面向的探索中，本文發現：「記者」在日治初期做為一種現代職業，先是由日本殖民者將此新興職業引進臺灣，並藉此去容納若干自當時政治核心退下的漢臺灣漢文領導階級，接著又透過這些臺人記者居中促成日人與臺民身上共通的漢文資本之間的交流；最後，擁有現代職業身份的記者，更是逐漸取得了實質的臺灣文壇領袖位置。此外，本文另一方面，則是剖析臺灣文人在參與報刊運作的過程中，其所具備的「記者」職業意識在報紙中的實際論述與創作實踐的狀況。

至於本論文內容，共計五章。第一章闡發本文之問題意識，並說明文本材料與研究方法的使用。第二章主要闡述印刷媒體進入日本、中國、臺灣三地的情形，以及印刷媒體的發展如何同時促成三地知識份子的身份變化，於中可見日本幕府文人為對抗明治政府投身成為報社主筆；中國文人面臨科舉路絕的危機，自覓生路成為報人；臺灣的印刷媒體發展則藉由殖民力量的引介，報刊型塑出官民交流的空間。第三章則是談述在1895年政局改變之後，臺灣「文人」如何藉由與官方的合作、階級的層遞，使得個人身份產生變化，進而成為具有現代職業表徵與擁有傳媒資本的「記者」。文中並以陳洛、李逸濤、謝雪漁等不同時期進入報社的漢文人為觀察對象，爬梳漢文記者認知印刷媒體與職業身份的變化歷程。第四章以《臺灣日日新報》記者李逸濤為例，透過對其在報刊上詩詞、小說、戲曲等創作的分析，說明李逸濤對「文人」、「記者」身份的雙重認知如何展現在報刊創作當中。第五章結論，統整前面數章之論述，歸納出臺灣日治初期如何以報刊為中心，連結總督府、臺灣文人、詩社等所形成的社會文化結構意涵，以及臺灣記者在報社中所扮演的角色。並說明本論文整體論述的意義、價值與侷限This thesis aims to discuss how Taiwan intellectuals became modern journalists during colonial period, and what it had caused in the literature. The birth of journalists also connected about the print media culture structure under the colonial modernity. Due to the combination of colonial policy and poem society, the space of Han-wen was became a space of “civilization”. Taiwan scholars had no chose but cooperation. The newspapers show how they connected with official, local, personal and social, as they had colonial policy announcement and Han-wen poetry at one time. This thesis will discuss in following ways: 1. the co-construction relationship of Taiwan newspapers and colonial policy; 2. the birth and variation of journal’s professional awareness; 3. by taking Li Yi-Tao as an example, shows how Taiwan scholars became journalists. As a modern vocation, “journalist” was introduced by Japanese colonists, soon became a political position for local intellectuals. Then Taiwan intellectuals combined their Chinese classical equipment with this new vocation, and finally became the unique type of Taiwan Han-wen journalists.

The first chapter discusses the development of newspaper, and tries to trace the preceding research achievements. The second chapter mainly concerns about the affection of print media, and how they get into Japan, China and Taiwan. The third chapter discussed how Taiwan scholars became journals after 1895, and what the change of professional awareness was during each period. The fourth chapter takes Li Yi-Tao, the journalist of Taiwan zi zi xin bao, as an example, shows how he though about the double identities of scholar and journalist by analyzing his works.