空氣槍射擊選手感覺動作節律與射擊表現之關係

Abstract

感覺動作節律 (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) 為感覺動作區Cz位置12-15Hz的頻率，其功率與感覺動作區之活動呈負相關，先前研究指出SMR在動作準備期間會反應出最適當認知動作的調整歷程，因此，可應用於研究自我配速運動執行前之準備歷程。本研究目的在於探討好、壞表現間SMR之差異。實驗藉由過去資料分析18位 （平均年齡18.28±2.32歲） 空氣手槍射擊選手，選手練習經驗約1年到10年 （平均運動年資4.67±2.25年），國內比賽層級為A級專家射擊選手。實驗進行時，每一位選手會有40發之射擊次數，依據選手個別差異在好、壞表現各挑選191發射擊之腦波資料來進行2 (表現：好與壞) x 3 (時間：-3000ms ~ -2000ms、-2000ms ~ -1000ms、-1000ms ~0ms) 之重複量數二因子變異數分析。結果顯示二因子變異數分析有交互作用，在表現及時間的主要效果上有顯著差異，單純主要效果發現好表現在扣板機前一秒的SMR顯著高於其它時間視窗；而好、壞表現並無達顯著性之差異。專家射擊選手在扣板機前之準備歷程，可能因為適當的認知動作的調整歷程，在扣板機前一秒的時候大量投入注意力資源，導致腦波功率高於扣板機前二到三秒；專家表現在動作執行上可能趨近於自動化，因此導致SMR腦波功率穩定提升。未來研究建議能彌補知識缺口，進而朝向生手甚至其它運動項目探究表現之差異，同時也能延伸研究範圍透過神經回饋操弄SMR腦波功率來提升選手專注力，進而幫助選手射擊表現之提升。

The sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) is a special frequency band of 12-15 Hz mainly in sensorimotor area. The power of SMR is inversely related to the activation of this area. Higher SMR might represent an adaptive regulation of cognitive-motor processing, which is useful for the understanding of the preparatory processes in precision sports. Therefore, this study compared SMR power between the best and the worst shots in 18 expert shooters (aged 18.28 ± 2.32 yr) with 4.67 ± 2.25 years of shooting experience. Shooters were recruited to shoot for 40 trials while EEG was collected. A 2 x 3 ANOVA showed significant interaction between performance and time. Post hoc analysis revealed that the first epoch was significantly higher than the second and the third epochs for the good performance whereas no differences were observed on the 3 epochs between the best and the worst shots. The results suggested that expert shooters reduced the somatosensory input prior shooting, which may imply an automatic process before the best performance. Future study may explore the effects of learning on SMR as well as effects of SMR neurofeedback training on performance.