探討大專七人制橄欖球運動員之肌力特徵與重複衝刺能力之關係

Abstract

目的 : 本研究旨在探討大專七人制橄欖球運動員之肌力特徵，對重複衝刺能力 (repeated sprint ability, RSA) 的影響及其預測力。考量七人制橄欖球為高強度間歇性運動，RSA 作為賽場表現關鍵指標，需深入分析與不同體能變項間之關聯性，特別是水平方向快速最大動態肌力與相對肌力等因素。方法 : 招募15名大專七人制橄欖球男性運動員 (年齡20.58 ± 0.96歲 ; 體重75.53 ± 8.73公斤) 。測驗項目包括 : 40公尺短跑分段速度 (10m、30m、40m)、5-0-5敏捷變向能力 (左右腳) 、垂直跳躍 (Countermovement Jump, CMJ) 、站姿立定跳 (Standing Long Jump, SLJ) 、最大深蹲力量 (1RM與體重標準化) 、Bronco耐力測驗及 RAST 測驗 (重複衝刺能力、平均功率、疲勞指數) 。透過皮爾森積差相關分析與多元線性迴歸檢驗各體能指標對 RSA 表現之影響。結果 : 分析結果顯示，水平方向快速最大動態肌力 (SLJ) 與 RSA 總衝刺時間呈高度負相關 (r = –.894, p< .001) ，並為多元迴歸模型中唯一達統計顯著之預測因子 (B = –4.924, β = –.773, p = .003) ，可解釋 77.8% 之 RSA 表現變異。相對肌力 (1SB%) 、短跑速度與變向能力雖呈中度相關，惟未達顯著預測水準。其他體能變項如有氧耐力 (Bronco) 與疲勞指數未達顯著。結論：水平方向快速最大動態肌力為影響七人制橄欖球運動員 RSA 表現的關鍵因子，具高度預測力。建議將 SLJ 納入訓練監控與選才評估，以提升高強度間歇性運動表現。未來可結合更多技術、生理變項以建構更完整之表現模型。

Purpose:This study explored how strength and physical performance traits affect repeated sprint ability (RSA) in collegiate male rugby sevens players, with a focus on horizontal power and relative strength. Methods: Fifteen athletes (age: 20.58 ± 0.96 yrs; weight: 75.53 ± 8.73 kg) completed tests including 40m sprint (10m, 30m, 40m splits), 5-0-5 COD (left/right), CMJ, standing long jump (SLJ), 1RM back squat (absolute and relative), Bronco test, and RAST. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. Results: SLJ showed a strong negative correlation with RSA total time (r = –.894, p< .001) and was the only significant predictor in the regression model (β = –.773, p = .003), explaining 77.8% of the variance. Other variables, including sprint, COD, and relative strength, showed moderate but non-significant correlations. Endurance and fatigue index had weak associations. Conclusion: Horizontal power is a key predictor of RSA. SLJ is recommended for monitoring and talent identification in rugby sevens. Future work should include more technical and physiological variables.