國小一年級學童社會行為 的相關因素探討

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解國小一年級學童的社會行為、體型、學業成就、性別、家庭社經地位現況，也探究他們在幼兒園時的同儕社會地位情形，再分別檢測同儕社會地位、小一體型、學業成就、性別、家庭社經地位與小一學童社會行為的關聯。 本研究以127位就讀臺北市公立國小的一年級學童為對象，這些學童幼兒園大班時曾接受同儕社會地位測量，一年級時再由班級教師提供受試學童的性別、學業成就、身高及體重資料，並填寫「國小一年級學童社會行為量表」，家長提供受試學童父母的教育程度與職業資料。經由SPSS 22.0的資料分析所得研究結果如下： 一、女生的正向社會行為表現高於男生(遵守規範、合群合作、利社會)，男生的負向社會行為表現高於女生(攻擊)。 二、幼兒園同儕社會地位與受試學童的社會行為表現有顯著關聯。 （一）在幼兒曾受爭議或被拒絕的學童表現較多的攻擊行為。 （二）在幼兒園曾受歡迎的學童表現較多遵守規範、合群合作、獨立與利社會行為。 三、體型與受試學童的社會行為沒有顯著關聯。 四、學業成就中下的學童表現較多的負向社會行為（退縮），學業成就中上的學童表現較多的正向社會行為（遵守規範、合群合作、獨立）。 五、家庭社經地位低的學童比家庭社經高的學童表現較多的負向社會行為，尤其是退縮行為;家庭社經地位高的學童比家庭社經地位低的學童表現較多的獨立行為。The purposes of this study were to understand the current status of the first-grade students’ social behavior, body type, academic achievement, gender, family socioeconomic status, and social status in kindergarten. Also explored the relations among social status, body type, academic achievement, gender, family socioeconomic status, and the first-grade students’ social behavior. The subjects were 127 first-grade students’ in Taipei City. They had “sociometric techniques” in kindergarten. The first-grade teacher wrote “Social Behavior Scale of the first-grade students” and provided students’ gender, academic achievement, height, and weight. Parents provided their education level and occupation. The results showed that: a.The girls’ positive social behavior scores were better than boys. The boys’ negative social behavior scores were higher than girls. b.There is significant difference between social status in kindergarten and the first-grade students’ social behavior. c.The poor academic achievement students had much more negative social behavior. The excellent academic achievement students had much more positive social behavior. d.There is no significant correlation between the body type and social behavior. e.The low family socioeconomic status students had much more negative social behavior than the high family socioeconomic status students. The high family socioeconomic status students had much more independent behavior than the low family socioeconomic status students.