亞洲「國家圖書館」網站資訊架構好用性之比較研究

Abstract

國家圖書館網站是實體圖書館的延伸，提供多元而豐富的資訊服務，也是圖書館現今對外重要的服務與行銷管道。由於圖書館網站資訊架構對使用者獲取資訊及其滿意度影響甚大，網站是否讓使用者順利取得所需資訊，是相當值得注意的問題。因此本研究透過國內外現有文獻之分析探討，瞭解資訊架構之內涵及好用性評估之目的、過程及其成效，並針對亞洲五個國家之國家圖書館網站，實際進行網站資訊架構好用性評估。 本研究採用啟發式評估法與好用性測試兩種網站好用性評估方法，檢視目前亞洲五個國家圖書館網站好用性。首先透過啟發式評估法了解圖書館網站資訊架構功能性，繼而藉由實際觀察好用性測試受試者使用圖書館網站操作任務，從中瞭解受試者對於網站使用狀況及相關意見。研究結果發現五個圖書館網站資訊架構在組織、導覽、標示、檢索四個方面各有優劣之處，所以學習其他國家圖書館網站之設計及服務內容將有助於改善網站資訊架構。藉由好用性評估亦可發現適度的網頁版面設計有助於提升網站資訊架構的好用性，而資訊架構與網站是否好用有密不可分的關係，舉凡網站內容分類組織方式、標示命名、導覽系統的設計及檢索功能的提供皆是如此，所以圖書館網站應建置完善的資訊架構系統，讓使用者更容易取用圖書館的豐富資源。 本研究最後依據研究結果除了針對五個圖書館網站資訊架構建置提出具體建議外，另外還有四項建議：一、建置以使用者導向的網站內容組織、提供順暢的瀏覽環境、網頁配置應有一致性設計，以利於學習使用、讓網站的使用有效率；二、加強資料庫整合查詢的功能；三、運用新興科技，加強個人化服務；四、定期進行網站使用評估。

The website of the National Library, offering pluralistic and abundant information services, can be thought not only as an extension to the substantial library , but also as an important channel to offer services and sales. As a matter of fact, the information architecture of the library website greatly influences users’ access to their needed information, and using satisfaction; in other words, it is a rather important issue whether the website can smoothly offer users’ needed information. Through the related domestic and foreign papers, I would like to research into the actual function of information architecture, the purpose of usability evaluation, process, and effect. Simultaneously, I chose 5 web- sites of national libraries from 5 Asian countries to undertake their usability evaluation. Two methods of usability evaluation--- heuristic evaluation and usability testing, were adopted to inspect the above-mentioned 5 websites. First, the heuristic evaluation was implemented to understand the function of their information architecture, and then the usability testing was introduced to observe the actual function and to obtain related opinions from testing users.The research revealed the information architecture of the above 5 websites possessed different strong points and weak points, including in the fields of organization, navigation, labeling, and search. Therefore, it is helpful and instrumental to improve the information architecture of a web- site by making reference to those previously established in other countries, especially in the fields of website design and service contents. Additionally, by making use of usability evaluation, we find that proper designs of home pages can surely enhance the usability of information architecture in a website. There is a close correlation between information architecture and the usability of a website, including its organization, labeling, navigating design, searching design, and so on. So, the information architecture in any library’s website should be well established, and users can more easily have access to its abundant information. Besides delivering my substantial suggestion for improving the information architecture in the above 5 websites, I have 4 more suggestions as follows: （1）the website’s contents, organization, smoothly viewing surroundings, the agreement of home page designs should be oriented toward users, and the website will be easily learned, and effectively used;（2）To strengthen the integration of different data banks;（3）To strengthen personal services by utilizing the new technology; and finally（4）To periodically evaluate the use of a website.