某技術學院女生身體意象與社會文化因素對體重控制行為影響之研究

Abstract

本研究目的在瞭解大學生的身體意象與體重控制行為之現況，並探討背景因素、社會文化因素、身體意象對體重控制行為的關係及影響。以苗栗縣某商業技術學院九十二學年度第一學期日間部全體在學女學生為母群體，利用分層集束抽樣法，選取14個班級為研究樣本，研究工具採結構式問卷，以團體施測方式進行資料收集，最後獲得有效樣本509人（佔80.8﹪），其重要結果分述如下： 一、 研究對象身體意象愈差（對體重過重的關注度愈高、期望體型與實際體型的差距愈多、自覺體重分類愈傾向過重、對自己外表的評價愈負向、對身體各部位愈不滿意）、社會文化因素中受傳播媒體影響愈大、自覺重要他人（父母、同性及異性同儕）對其體型的負面評價愈多、或重要他人對其體重控制的忠告和支持愈頻繁者，愈有節制飲食行為；而研究對象自覺體重分類愈傾向過重、或自覺父母對其體重控制的忠告和支持程度愈高者，愈常從事身體的活動。 二、 除了異性同儕對其體重控制的忠告和支持與外表評價無關之外，研究對象受社會文化因素中傳播媒體影響愈大、自覺重要他人對其體型的負面評價及嘲笑愈多、或重要他人對其體重控制的忠告支持愈多者，身體意象愈差。 三、 過輕者之身體意象比體型標準以上者佳、受傳播媒體影響較低、節制飲食行為頻率較低。收看電視頻率及時間短者，對外表的評價較高、身體活動程度較高。閱讀雜誌頻率高者，外表評價較佳、受傳媒影響較深、節制飲食頻率較多。 四、 路徑分析方面，本研究架構對節制飲食行為的解釋力比身體活動佳（分別為30.2﹪及10.3﹪），「身體意象」為體重控制行為的最大影響變項。背景因素之年級、實際BMI、閱讀雜誌頻率，乃透過「對體重過重之關注」、社會文化因素而間接影響節制飲食行為。社會文化因素僅透過「自覺體重分類」對身體活動產生間接之影響力。The purpose of this study was to evaluate body image and weight-control behaviors status in the college female students. Also, we wanted to investigate the relationships among the individual attributes, sociocultural factors, body image, and weight-control behaviors.The study population was all female students in the Day Division of Yu Da College of Business in Miaoli. Subjects were obtained through stratified cluster random sampling, and 14 classes were enrolled. The study was documented with a self-questionnaire and collected with groups. There were 509 valid samples, and the successful rate was 80.8 %. The major findings were summarized as follows: 1. Whose who were higher negative appearance evaluation, higher body-area dissatisfaction, higher self-classified weight, higher consideration of overweight, and higher actual /ideal BMI values were classed as lower body image. The lower body image was associated with higher eating restrained behavior. Besides, sociocultural factors included mass media, the teasing, weight-control advice and social support from significant others (parents, female and male peers) showed significant correlations with dietary restraint behaviors. The respondents with self-classified overweight, or receiving more weight-control advices and supports from parents, had greater degree physical activity. 2. Some sociocultural factors were correlated with body image. The objects had more influence by media, more awareness of negative body figure evaluation, receiving more advices and supports of the weight-control from significant others, showed more dissatisfaction with body image. It was no significant correlation between the weight-control advice and support from male peers and the appearance evaluation. 3. Underweight individuals had higher body image evaluation, less influenced by media, and seldom restrained eating frequency than normal and overweight ones did. Individuals who spent shorter time and less frequency on watching TV evaluated themselves better on appearance, and had more physical activity volume. Individuals who more frequently read the magazines evaluated themselves better on appearance, were more influenced by mass media, and had more restrained eating frequency. 4. Path analyzes revealed our study design had higher explanation in dietary restraint (30.2%) than physical activity (10.3%). The most influential element in weight-control behaviors was“body image”. Individual attributes such as grade, actual BMI values, read the magazine frequency indirectly related to restrained eating behaviors through“overweight preoccupation” and“sociocultural factors”. Sociocultural factors indirectly related to physical activity through“self-classified weight” only.