文化體驗理論融入中醫華語教材與教學設計

Abstract

中醫一直在華人生活中有著舉足輕重的地位，已由華人圈拓展至全世界，在全球各地不難發現中醫的身影。根據2019年教育部國際及兩岸教育司的資料，全臺灣各大學校附設華語中心一共有60間，其中真正開設「中醫文化課」的只有一間學校。中醫文化深植當代華人的生活，但臺灣華語教育卻很少提及。中醫華語為專業華語的一個分支，現今也有相關教材出版，教學對象皆以中醫專業的外籍學生為主，非中醫專業者不適合使用這些教材，而針對所有外籍學習者編寫的中醫華語教材十分少見。研究者想藉此研究，示範中醫華語課程規劃及教材編寫，以非中醫專業的外籍生為教學對象，將中醫文化傳播的可能性發揮更大。 本論文的研究目的在於希望找出符合當代華人社會關心的議題且是教材中重要的題材，作為非中醫專業的外籍人士學習的中醫題材，並參照Moran教授的文化體驗理論，設計出對應的中級中醫華語課程及教材。本研究採用內容分析法與調查研究法，首先以「內容分析法」整理與歸納中醫華語專業教材及網路新聞，從中歸納出適合學習的當代華人中醫題材。其次，針對所選題材規劃完整十課內容，並設計一課的教材範例與教學設計。再次，以網路宣傳及紙本宣傳方法找尋七位對中醫華語有興趣、中級程度且非中醫專業的學習者進行完整一課的示範教學，使用「問卷調查法」讓學生於課前及課後填寫問卷，表達興趣度與文化學習結果滿意度。最後，由研究者以半結構模式訪談六位具專業華語或文化教學經驗之資深教師以及兩位中醫領域的專家，檢視教學過程與教材設計。 結果表示本研究的教材與教學受到學生、教師、專家的肯定，對於提升學習興趣與介紹基礎中醫文化是有效的，且教材從生活面切入創造出趣味性與親和力。使用文化體驗理論應強調與學習者生活結合，才能將文化教學發揮最大效果。Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has always played an important role in Chinese life, and its influence on Chinese life can be seen everywhere. In recent years Chinese medicine has expanded beyond Chinese society and is now widely practiced in various parts of the world. According to data published in 2019 by the Department of International and Cross-strait Education of the Ministry of Education, there are a total of 60 Chinese Language Centers affiliated with universities in Taiwan. Of these, only one school offers a "Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Course". TCM culture is deeply rooted in contemporary Chinese life, but Chinese education in Taiwan is rarely mentioned. TCM Chinese is a branch of Chinese for specific purposes, and some related textbooks are now published. However, the audience for these texts are mainly foreign students of TCM, and these books are generally not suitable for Non-TCM professionals. Since TCM Chinese textbooks and study materials written for all foreign learners are rare, I plan to use this research to demonstrate that TCM Chinese language curriculum planning and TCM textbook design targeted toward foreign students who are not Chinese medicine majors can significantly enhance the spread of Chinese medicine culture. The research purpose of this thesis is to find TCM topics that are in line with contemporary Chinese society’s concerns and are important topics in the textbooks. And those topics are for foreigners who are not Chinese medicine majors, and to design the corresponding TCM Chinese language courses and teaching materials based on Moran’s theory of cultural experience. The teaching target is intermediate level learners .This research adopts the content analysis method and investigation research method. Firstly, the "content analysis method" is used to analysis the topics in TCM textbooks and online news. Second, based on the above two results, summarize the topic of TCM in contemporary Chinese society in a manner suitable for learners. Third, consistent with the research results, plan a complete ten lesson textbook, and design lesson one as an example of the textbook and instructional design. Then use online and traditional, non-digital methods, such as community posts and flyers to find seven learners who are interested in TCM Chinese, are of an intermediate learning level and are not Chinese medicine majors. I will then teach those learners a complete lesson, and use the "questionnaire survey method" to provide students the opportunity to fill in questionnaires before and after class, and express their interests and cultural learning results. I will then invite six senior teachers who have experience teaching Chinese for a specific purpose or Chinese culture to review and provide feedback on the teaching process and the design of the teaching materials. Finally, I will interview two experts in the field of TCM to get professional opinions on the teaching materials and activities design. The results show that the textbooks and instructional design are affirmed by students, teachers, and experts. They are effective in increasing the interest in learning and introducing the basic TCM culture, and the textbook is related to life , which is fun and has affinity. The use of cultural experience theory should emphasize the integration with the life of learners in order to maximize the effect of cultural teaching.