以零知識證明實現於公有區塊鏈進行綠電憑證之發放及稽核

Abstract

這個環保意識逐漸抬頭的時代，為了減少傳統產生能源所造成的環境破壞，綠電能源漸漸進入大眾視野。現今越來越多國家對於企業都要求改用綠電能源作為發電來源，或是規定每年需要使用多少百分比的綠電能源，因此衍生出了綠電憑證（即綠電身分證）。然而目前發放以及稽核綠電憑證的方式皆採用人力，因此造成高昂的成本、憑證數量產量有限以及小型電廠難取得憑證......等問題。此外，發放和稽核的監管單位過於集中，導致信任問題的衍生以及資料是否可能遭受竄改。

資料安全性的問題可以透過區塊鏈技術的特性解決，使用聯盟鏈或是私有鏈可以讓資料存證的成本較低，但卻仍然會有信任問題以及資料被竄改的可能性。於是公有區塊鏈（e.g.,Ethereum）成為了不二人選，然而使用公有區塊鏈面會面臨到Gas費過高以及區塊膨脹的問題。

本研究透過零知識證明技術，解決無法在公有區塊鏈上實現的問題。因此可以將傳統人力發放以及稽核綠電憑證的流程利用區塊鏈轉變成自動化，同時大幅降低成本。

In this era of increasing environmental consciousness, green energy has gained prominence as a means to reduce environmental damage caused by traditional energy generation. Green energy certificates, or green energy credentials, have emerged as a requirement in many countries for businesses to use renewable energy sources or meet specific renewable energy usage targets.However, the current manual process of issuing and auditing these certificates is costly, limited in quantity, and poses challenges for smaller power plants. Centralized oversight also raises trust and data tampering concerns. Blockchain technology, particularly public blockchains like Ethereum, can address these issues, but face challenges of high fees and scalability.

This study utilizes zero - knowledge proof technology to solve problems that cannot be achieved on a public blockchain. Asa result, the traditional processes of human resource distribution and auditing of green energy certificates can be transformed into automation using blockchain, while significantly reducing costs.