宗教節慶活動效益與文化衝擊之研究─以2013年鯤鯓王平安鹽祭為例

Abstract

本研究藉由2013年鯤鯓王平安鹽祭的舉辦，透過文獻研析及問卷調查，並訪談當地居民五位作為輔助資料，探討當地居民對於節慶活動效益與文化衝擊之態度，分析居民之社經背景與活動支持度、節慶活動效益態度、文化衝擊態度之間的關係。 在2013年鯤鯓王平安鹽祭活動期間，在北門區回收有效問卷為378份。運用敘述統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析等方法進行統計分析，主要研究之發現如下： 研究結果顯示，受訪居民個人屬性部份，性別以女性略多，男女幾乎各占一半，年齡分布以36-40歲最多，受訪者居住地及工作地都以鯤江里最多，教育程度部分則以高中（職）最多，在北門區居住時間為20年以上最多，有宗教信仰者以道教最多，其中有道教信仰者多數有王爺信仰，有做生意者有44%，以小吃攤販最多，無做生意者有56%，職業以自由業（含退休、家管）最多，平均每日收入以1000元以下為最多，在活動舉辦期間，平均每日收入增加情形以無明顯增加為最多。 居民對整體活動支持度接近於認同；對活動效益之態度亦多屬正向認同；對文化衝擊之態度亦多屬正向認同。受訪居民個人屬性不同對整體活動支持度構面間的影響無顯著差異；受訪居民個人屬性不同對活動效益之態度構面間的影響有差異存在，而居民屬性不同，對文化衝擊之態度並無差異存在。居民整體活動支持度越高，對活動效益之正面認同越高，對文化衝擊之正面認同亦越高，另本研究輔以訪談法，探究當地居民對節慶活動的關切面向。 依據問卷調查與居民訪談結果，歸納結論有：（一）居民整體活動支持度為高度認同，主要來自對王爺信仰的向心力；（二）居民普遍認同節慶活動帶來正面效益，但仍須與本地產業更緊密結合，以利永續發展；（三）居民普遍認同節慶活動帶來的文化衝擊屬正面影響，對於推廣王爺信仰文化有所幫助。並提出以下建議：（一）未來觀光發展應有更完整的規劃，透過觀光增加本地居民工作機會，以提振實質經濟狀況，達到永續發展。（二）主辦單位應與本地攤商結合，配合在地特色農產品規劃市集，透過節慶活動能夠推廣當地特產。（三）主辦單位應重視居民對王爺信仰文化的看法，定期收集居民意見並調整活動內容， 居民的支持乃是宗教節慶活動能否長期發展最重要的因素。This study was based on Kung Shen Wangye's Peace Salt Festival in 2013 as an example to conduct literature reviews and questionnaire surveys; additionally, interviewed 5 local residents as resources. All the data provides an in-depth discussion on the following: the attitude towards the benefits and the culture impacts; the analysis of socioeconomic status and the approval ratings festivals for local residents. During the festival in 2013, the study had collected 378 effective surveys from Beimen district. The surveys included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis ,Pearson’s correlation analysis ,regression analysis , t-test and ANOVA analysis. The research results are shown as follows: The data has shown that female respondents are slightly more than male, but generally half and half for both gender. The age distribution tilted is at the age of 36 to 40 years old. Their current living and working places are mostly in Kunjiang, Beimen Dist. with the education level of high school; plus, they have been living in Beiman district for more than 20 years. The respondents who has religious belief are generally Tao; moreover, people who has the creed in Tao tend to believe in Wangye as well. Among these respondents, 44% are businessmen who mostly run food stands; on the other hand, the rest of 56% are largely freelance. Indeed, almost all of their average diurnal income is less than NT$1,000. During the festival, they did not seem to have a lucrative profits; in other words, the average income per day stays nearly the same. The approval ratings, the attitude towards the benefits, and the culture impact of Kung Shen Wangye's Peace Salt Festival remains positive. Even though there were diverse of residents, it did not affect the support level and the culture impact. Nevertheless, these residents did show some variances on the attitude towards the benefits. To paraphrase it, if the approval ratings increase positively for the residents, the affirmative of both the benefits and the culture impact rise up. Not just the study but also the survey help this research to mellifluously explore the elaboration of aspects for the local people on their festival. Overall, there are three key points will be discussed according to the survey results. In addition, providing advises that matches discussion for further investigation. First, residents’ approval ratings are highly positive, which comes from the coherence of professed faith in Wangye. Second, residents generally believe that the festival can bring up advantages; nonetheless, it has to be engaged with local enterprises for sustainable development. Third, residents are mostly certain that the culture impacts has affirmative effect. It can also facilitate the promotion of the creed in Wangye. The recommendations below refers to the three results above. First, it needs to have a complete scheme for the future tourism development. Throughout touring to stimulate the employment rate; therefore, to gear up the economy. Second, Organizers and sponsors shall corporate with local stalls; furthermore, to correspond market fair with local agricultural products. Thus, during the festival period, the specialty can be promulgated at the same time. Third, organizers and sponsors should pay attention on residents Wangye’s belief. By collecting residents’ opinion to arrange the details of activities. In short, the support of the population is very crucial because it is the key factor for long-term development.