雅美族海洋文化感知的生態實踐

Abstract

海洋是島嶼民族生活重心，是航向世界的通衢，是神靈的居所。雅美族以「集體過去」的海洋文化和「個人經歷著」的生命經歷，相互結合信仰系統，並轉變成遍及 當下的文化感知。這種動態過程透過「人在島嶼」的身體書寫，把情感理解成客觀上把握到的空間性力量與氣氛，讓生活美學的體制呈現在返祖的共同感受；並透過 生活空間的「名物化」，體現人們對經驗世界的表達，進而把事件、活動、情緒、思想等轉化為實體來認識世界。空間是生活實踐的生產場域，食物是理解生活的原 初經驗，常物生產的規範，同時也是自發性的空間實踐與環境維護的關鍵因素；透過食物禁忌描繪不成文的社會規定，亦成為文化感知及生態實踐的核心。雅美族對 海洋的文化感知的生態實踐，是一種理解生活本質的公共感受，這種共感是普遍贊同的心意狀態，是族群內成員的通俗性理解。呼喚著我們用審美的方式對待事物， 並以此做為社會文化精神和環境倫理的先驗存在。

For islanders, ocean is a sanctuary of spirits, a major thoroughfare to the universe and also an essential living space for generation. The Yami islanders combine the ideas of the “collective bygones” and the “individual experience” to build up their belief system which further influence the perception of their current life. The dynamic process of “people on island” transformed the subjective feelings into the objective grasp of the spatial force and milieu, and allowed Yami islanders share the aesthetics of life with their ancestors. Herein we also described how the nominalization embodied people’s expressions of experiential world and how, by these events, activities, emotions and thoughts, it shaped people’s understanding of the current world. In this understanding, space is a resource for practical production, with food being the primary experience to understand life. According to this concept, the regulation to the resource utilization for food production definitely is a crucial factor to function the voluntary environment conservation. In Yami culture, the food taboos describing the unwritten social rules and social practices are taken as the core of cultural perception and ecological practices. The Yami ecological practice of their culture perception is a shared desire to understand the essence of the life, a feeling that is universal and common for the whole tribe. This thought calls us to treat things in a aesthetic way and regard it as a transcendental existence for socio-cultural ethos and environmental ethics.