兩岸文化創意產業群聚個案比較研究－以台北中山雙連聚落與上海田子坊為例

Abstract

自1980年代歐美的城市復興浪潮以來，以文化創意群聚來帶動區域以及產業發展的方向，普遍獲得各國重視。聯合國於2008年發布第一份創意經濟報告，即將打造創意群聚列為創意經濟政策的選項之一。 事實上，文化創意的群聚除了人為刻意形塑，更有不少自發形成的類型，尤其是在大城市裡形成的群聚，若與城市的文化特色結合，往往具有難以複製的魅力。海峽兩岸近年來皆積極推動文化創意產業發展，故本研究選擇兩個自發形成的文化創意群聚個案－台北中山雙連聚落與上海田子坊，藉由比較兩個群聚的內涵與形成原因，探究城市環境與政府政策對群聚有何影響，並且提出政策建言。 本研究採用質性研究法進行個案比較，資料蒐集方式以文獻分析、深度訪談十四家業者為主，觀察法為輔。研究結論包括：一、影響城市文化創意群聚自發形成的兩個重要因素為文化地景與租金成本；二、城市環境是文化創意工作者選擇地點時的重要考量；三、自發形成的群聚受政策影響程度低。本研究同時提出三點政策建言：一、政府應重視在地文化創意工作者的意見；二、各部門必須有效合作；三、協助社區維持文化創意聚集地的地方品質。Starting from the urban regeneration in Europe and the United States in 1980s, the way that cultural and creative clusters lead the development of local area and industry has attracted global notice. According to the Creative Economy Report 2008 published by the United Nations, to establish creative clusters is one option of the creative economic policy. In fact, some cultural and creative clusters are created on purpose while some others are developed in nature. Especially if the clusters which formed in large cities are coupled with the urban cultural characteristics, it is difficult to replicate the charm of these clusters. In recent years, cultural and creative industry are promoted actively by both sides of cross-strait. Therefore, two naturally formed creative clusters, Zhongshan-ShuangLian Disrtict in Taipei and Tianzifang in Shanghai, are selected in this study. By comparing the culture and forming causes of the two clusters, the impact of the urban environment and government policies on the cluster will be further explored. The suggestion to the government is given afterwards. A qualitative method to compare individual case is adopted in this study. The data collection methods include documentary analysis, interviews of 14 employers from both creative industries. To conclude: (1) Two important factors that impact the natural formation of urban cultural and creative clusters are cultural landscape and rental cost; (2) The urban environment is an important consideration when the cultural and creative class choose locations; (3) Naturally formed clusters are less affected by the policy. Finally there are three suggestions to the government: (1) The opinions of cultural and creative class should be noticed; (2) An effective cooperation among each public department is required; (3) Offer resources to local communities to preserve the quality of place in the cultural and creative cluster.