國立台灣美術館高齡觀眾參與之研究
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2008
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美術館為藝術社教機構，重視以「觀眾」為導向的全民參與時代趨勢， 1993年台灣在年齡滿65歲以上者達人口數7%，正式進入高齡化社會，2006年11月教育部在老年人口即將突破10%的前夕公佈《邁向高齡社會老人教育政策白皮書》，本研究首先以國內三大美術館中的國立台灣美術館、臺北市立美術館、高雄市立美術館之業務主管，對於有關高齡觀眾的問卷調查；再以國立台灣美術館為例：探討一、參與服務的高齡志工；二、參與使用雕塑園區為休閒保健的早、晚運動團體之高齡者的焦點訪談與三、參與館內學習活動的高齡觀眾問卷調查，共計三類高齡者參與情形，主要觸及高齡觀眾心理、生理與對美術館整體環境參與的動機、需求、建議之探討，提出三點結論：一、國美館應積極成為高齡者社會藝術教育的表率二、國美館應重視高齡者分齡教育活動的設計三、國美館應落實《邁向高齡社會老人教育政策白皮書》規劃終身學習場域
針對國立台灣美術館高齡者參與志工服務、館外雕塑園區的使用與館內學習活動等三類高齡者的研究與分析提出以下八項建議： 一、針對高齡者參與志工服務之建議
(一) 國美館宜擴編高齡志工參與教育推廣的公關活動
(二) 國美館行銷策略應重視高齡者的家庭觀眾與高齡者的團體參與 二、針對高齡者參與館外雕塑園區使用之建議
(一) 改善由館外、停車場在進入館內的入口意象及遮蔽功能設計
(二) 建築的玻璃櫥窗佈置與玻璃鋼骨建物作為夜間數位資訊播放設計
(三) 館外園區摘種四季花卉、提供座椅和增加夜間照明的設施三、針對高齡者參與館內學習活動在軟體與硬體設施之建議
(一)提供高齡者進入展場活動前的策展與藝術家背景多媒體解說空間
(二) 服務台提供披毯、放大鏡、輪椅與電話導覽預約服務
(三) 增設坐椅、放大標示說明、進出口動線規劃與廁所位置的標示設計
ABSTRACT As the art and social education agency, the museum of fine arts values the epochal trends of audience-oriented citizen participation. The population above 65 in Taiwan made up 7% of the total national population as of 1993 that ushered in an aging society. In the wake of the condition that the aging population in this nation would be over 10% of the total population, Ministry of Education published “White Paper for Policy on Elder Education in the Wake of being Ushered in An Aging Society” in Nov. 2006. This research first conducted questionnaire surveys on business supervisors from National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, Taipei Fine Arts Museum and Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, the top three museums of fine arts in Taiwan, about the issue of aging audiences; this research took National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts as the example to explore three issues concerning the condition of elders’ participation, i.e. aging volunteers’ participation in services, focal interviews from elders participating in groups of morning and evening sports for leisure and health care purpose at sculpture zones, and questionnaire survey on aging audiences’ participation in the learning activities organized by the museum, and further put forth three conclusions in view of the discussion on aging audiences’ motive and needs toward their participation in the environment of the museum of fine arts in terms of psychological and physiological perspectives and of the suggestion: 1. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should act actively as a good model for elders in social and art education. 2. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should value the design of different aged education activities for elders. 3. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should put ” White Paper for Policy on Elder Education in the Wake of being Ushered in an Aging Society” into practice and set up planning for the lifelong learning zone. In terms of the study and analysis of the elders’ participation in voluntary services organized by National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, the elders’ use of sculpture zone outside the museum and the in-museum learning activities, this research further put forth the following eight suggestions: 1. Suggestion on elders’ participation in voluntary services: (1) National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should expand the scale of PR activities of educational promotion participated by aging volunteers. (2) The marketing measures by National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should value the group participation by the elders and their family members. 2. Suggestion on elders’ participation in the use of the sculpture zone of the museum: (1) Improve the design of image and cover function at the entrance in the outside museum and parking lot. (2) Put of layout of glass show window and glass and steel structure of the building into a design for the broadcasting of evening digital information. (3) Plant flowers in the garden as well as supplement the facilities of chairs and evening lighting outside the museum. 3. Suggest on software and hardware facilities for in-museum learning activities participated by elders: (1) Offer space for multimedia illustrations on curatorial programs and artists’ background prior to the participation in the activities by the elders. (2) Reserved service of draping blanket magnifier, wheelchair and to be available in service desk. (3) Supplement the chairs, enlarge the sign illustrations, planning for entrance and exit circulation and design for the sign of restroom location.
ABSTRACT As the art and social education agency, the museum of fine arts values the epochal trends of audience-oriented citizen participation. The population above 65 in Taiwan made up 7% of the total national population as of 1993 that ushered in an aging society. In the wake of the condition that the aging population in this nation would be over 10% of the total population, Ministry of Education published “White Paper for Policy on Elder Education in the Wake of being Ushered in An Aging Society” in Nov. 2006. This research first conducted questionnaire surveys on business supervisors from National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, Taipei Fine Arts Museum and Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, the top three museums of fine arts in Taiwan, about the issue of aging audiences; this research took National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts as the example to explore three issues concerning the condition of elders’ participation, i.e. aging volunteers’ participation in services, focal interviews from elders participating in groups of morning and evening sports for leisure and health care purpose at sculpture zones, and questionnaire survey on aging audiences’ participation in the learning activities organized by the museum, and further put forth three conclusions in view of the discussion on aging audiences’ motive and needs toward their participation in the environment of the museum of fine arts in terms of psychological and physiological perspectives and of the suggestion: 1. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should act actively as a good model for elders in social and art education. 2. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should value the design of different aged education activities for elders. 3. National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should put ” White Paper for Policy on Elder Education in the Wake of being Ushered in an Aging Society” into practice and set up planning for the lifelong learning zone. In terms of the study and analysis of the elders’ participation in voluntary services organized by National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, the elders’ use of sculpture zone outside the museum and the in-museum learning activities, this research further put forth the following eight suggestions: 1. Suggestion on elders’ participation in voluntary services: (1) National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should expand the scale of PR activities of educational promotion participated by aging volunteers. (2) The marketing measures by National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts should value the group participation by the elders and their family members. 2. Suggestion on elders’ participation in the use of the sculpture zone of the museum: (1) Improve the design of image and cover function at the entrance in the outside museum and parking lot. (2) Put of layout of glass show window and glass and steel structure of the building into a design for the broadcasting of evening digital information. (3) Plant flowers in the garden as well as supplement the facilities of chairs and evening lighting outside the museum. 3. Suggest on software and hardware facilities for in-museum learning activities participated by elders: (1) Offer space for multimedia illustrations on curatorial programs and artists’ background prior to the participation in the activities by the elders. (2) Reserved service of draping blanket magnifier, wheelchair and to be available in service desk. (3) Supplement the chairs, enlarge the sign illustrations, planning for entrance and exit circulation and design for the sign of restroom location.
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高齡, 觀眾, 終身教育, 數位博物館