臺灣老街空間均質化之研究

Abstract

老街是一個象徵著台灣文化認同，並極具歷史價值的文化資產，但它卻也同時在主流論述中受到了所謂的｢均質化｣批判，而本研究則試圖藉由回歸老街的本質，並以消費者為主體來回應這樣的批判。在這樣的過程中，本研究也發現，老街這個詞彙，雖然在當代被大量的使用，甚至有著為數可觀的學術研究成果，但卻始終難以被精確的定義。其原因在於，老街雖然是一個空間，但同時，它也是消費社會下的一個符號，於是產生了｢客觀空間歷史事實｣與｢主觀符號感受｣的認識論差異。也因此，本研究特別強調老街空間所具有的二元意義，亦即象徵著空間的老｢街｣與象徵著符號的｢老街｣，並藉由將J. Baudrillard對符號政治經濟學的分析，運用在H. Lefebvre的空間生產論上，架構出了一套新的分析方法，使兩者得以被納入同一個空間生命史中進行討論。於是，本研究從｢空間實踐－使用價值｣、｢空間再現－符號價值｣與｢再現空間－交換價值｣等三個層面，說明了老街本質的使用價值來自於明清市街的空間實踐，並經歷了兩次較為重要的空間再現與符號建構歷程，而空間的意義也由市街一步步的轉變成了老街。 而老街空間的使用價值與符號價值之間的相互作用，使老街的意義在功能性與符號性之間被來回拉扯，本研究也因此界定出四種老街空間的光譜類型，以及兩種不同的消費者類型。並以此進一步說明，權力者所創造出的｢道地老街｣擬像，被消費者內化為自己對｢老街｣的想像，並在追求｢道地性｣的同時，使得日常生活與老街空間逐漸斷裂，而正因如此，消費者才對老街空間產生了均質化的感受。本研究希望能藉此提供一個不同的視角，對今日的主流批判進行反思，並將這樣的概念用於今日似乎同樣被過度使用，並早已成為一種符號的｢文化資產｣上。“Lao Jie” is an important cultural heritage that symbolizing Taiwan’s cultural identity. But it has also been criticized in mainstream discourse as “homogenization”. However, we try to responds to the criticism by explaining the nature of “Lao Jie”, especially from consumers’ perspective. In the process, we also find that although the term Lao Jie is used extensively, and has a lot of academic research results. But it is still difficult to be accurately defined. The reason is that although the Lao Jie is a space, but it is also a sign in the consumer society, at the same time. So there is an epistemological difference between “objective spatial historical facts” and “subjective symbolic feelings”. Therefore, we apply J. Baudrillard's analysis of symbolic political economy to H. Lefebvre's Production of Space, and construct a new analysis method. This research is divided into three parts: “space practice—use-value”, “representations of space—sign-value” and “space of representations—exchange-value”. It shows that the use-value of the Lao Jie comes from the space practice of the “Jie” in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. It also experienced two important representations of spatial and sign constructions, which transformed the meaning of space from “Jie” to “Lao Jie”. The interaction between use-value and sign-value of the “Lao Jie” space makes the meaning of the “Lao Jie” moving between functional and symbolic. We also define four types of spectrum in Lao Jie space and two different types of consumers. Simulation of “Authentic Lao Jie” created by power is internalized by consumers into their imagination of “Lao Jie”. While they are pursuing “Authenticity”, their daily life is gradually broken from the space. Because of this, consumers have a homogeneous feeling on the Lao Jie space. We want to provide a different perspective and reflect on mainstream criticism. And we apply such a concept to the “cultural asset” that seems to be overused and has already become a sign today.