高中生正確用藥行為及其相關因素研究 -以新北市某高中學生為例

Abstract

本研究以橫斷式調查研究法，探討新北市某高中學生正確用藥知識、正確用藥態度、正確用藥自我效能、正確用藥行為及其相關因素。以102學年度第二學期就讀新北市某高中一至三年級學生為研究對象，採分層集束隨機抽樣445名學生為樣本，利用自編結構式問卷進行資料收集，最後得有效問卷396份，有效回收率88.9%。本研究的重要結果如下： 一、研究對象正確用藥知識答對率約為七成八屬中上程度，正確用藥態度趨於正向，正確用藥自我效能把握度高，正確用藥行為傾向於經常做到；但研究對象用藥方法、用藥時間之知識顯示不足，不習慣與藥師建立良好諮詢關係，也沒有把握每次就醫能清楚表達自己身體狀況，且不常做到看清楚藥品標示行為。 二、研究對象背景變項中，「年級」、「性別」、「學業成績」與「自覺健康狀況」和正確用藥知識有關，其中「三年級學生」、「女生」、「學業成績為班排前三分之一者」、「自覺健康狀況尚佳者」有較佳的正確用藥知識。「年級」與正確用藥態度、正確用藥自我效能、正確用藥行為有關，其中「三年級學生」在正確用藥態度、正確用藥自我效能與正確用藥行為都較佳；另外「有無上過正確用藥教育課程」與正確用藥行為有相關。 三、研究對象之正確用藥知識、正確用藥態度、正確用藥自我效能及正確用藥行為之間有顯著的正相關，也就是正確用藥知識、態度與自我效能越佳者，正確用藥行為越好。 四、研究對象背景變項、正確用藥知識、正確用藥態度、正確用藥自我效能可以顯著預測其正確用藥行為，並可解釋正確用藥行為總變異量的69.9%，其中以「正確用藥自我效能」變項為主要預測，顯示研究對象正確用藥自我效能把握度越高，其正確用藥行為表現越佳。 本研究依結論提出對未來教育行政單位之建議與改進方針，以提高研究對象正確用藥行為的教育目標。The study presented applied a cross sectional study to investigate the effect a person’s knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and other related factors had on that person’s proper medication usage.Using cluster sampling,a self-developed questionnaire wsa administered to high school students in New Taipei City during the second semester of the 2013 academic year.Out of 445 questionnaires distributed,396 valid responses were returned(an 88.9% effective response rate).The findings of the study are summarized as follws: 1.Participants scored an average of 77.5% on a test designed to evaluate their knowledge of proper medication usage.Participants also reported both positive attitudes and high self-efficacy toward their usage of medication,and that they usually properly used medication.However,it was found that participants lacked knowledge on the proper usage(including dosage and timing)of medication.Most participants also did not fully describe their medical conditions to their doctors or consult their pharmacists for advice,and often neglected the instructions printed on their medicine bottles or bags. 2.It was determined that a person’s grade level,gender,academic grades ,and self-awareness of health all have strong correlations with their knowledge of proper medication usage.Seniors(12th Grade Students),females,and students in the top third of their class(in terms of grades)displayed better knowledge on proper medication usage than their peers.Furthermore ,a strong correlation between a person’s grade and their attitude,self-efficacy,and proper usage of medication. In addition, having proper medication courses is positively related to proper medication usage behavior. 3.It was determined that positive correlation exist between a person’s knowledge,attitude,and self-efficacy;and their knowledge of proper medication usage. 4.A person’s knowledge,attitude,and self-efficacy toward their proper medication usage can accurately predict a person’s proper usage of medication.Overall,these factors can also explain 69.9% of the differences in data (in regrds to person’s knowledge of proper medication usage).Also,it was found that a persoon’s self-efficacy is the strongest indicator of their knowledge of proper medication usage and it was determined that the higher a person’s self efficacy wsa,the better their proper usage of medication. Suggestions and improvements,based on the results of this study,have been proposed to education administrators to potentially implement even more awareness in senior high schools around proper medication usage.